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BI 242 > Chapter 22 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

muscles involved in breathing

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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2
Q

Are there skeletal muscles within lungs?

A

no

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3
Q

what does breathing promote and enhance?

A

promotes venous return and enhances cardiac output

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4
Q

the force that moves air into the lungs

A

atmospheric pressure

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5
Q

pressure inside pleural cavity

A

intrapleural pressure

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6
Q

is intrapleural pressure positive or negative?

A

negative (-5 to -3 mmHg)

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7
Q

what does intrapleural pressure prevent?

A

collapse of the lungs

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8
Q

what happens if intrapleural pressure is 0 or positive?

A

pneumothorax

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9
Q

another name for a collapsed lung

A

pneumothorax

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10
Q

gasses in and out between lung and air

A

pulmonary ventilation

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11
Q

gases exchange in capillaries of lungs

A

external respiration

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12
Q

gases transport in the bloodstream

A

transport

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13
Q

gases exchange in capillaries of all except lungs

A

internal respiration

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14
Q

making ATP and metabolites

A

cellular respiration

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15
Q

organs of the upper respiratory tract

A

nose, pharynx, and larynx

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16
Q

organs of the lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, respiratory zone

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17
Q

what do the lungs contain?

A

bronchus, bronchiole, respiratory zone

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18
Q

passage for both food and air

A

pharynx

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19
Q

air only; voice production

A

larynx

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20
Q

prevent food from entering larynx

A

epiglottis

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21
Q

make sound

A

vocal cords

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22
Q

what type of cartilage is the epiglottis made out of?

A

elastic

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23
Q

function of the upper respiratory tract

A

provide heat and moisture and trap dust and small particles

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24
Q

what type of cartilage is the trachea made out of?

A

hyaline

25
Q

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium on connective tissue

A

mucosa

26
Q

what type of tissue is submucosa made out of?

A

connective

27
Q

what shape is the hyaline cartilage of the trachea

A

c- shaped

28
Q

is the adventitia similar to the serosa or not?

A

similar

29
Q

trachea layers (inside to outside)

A

mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia

30
Q

which bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical

A

right main bronchus

31
Q

three branches of the bronchus

A

primary, secondary, tertiary

32
Q

where does the tertiary bronchus lead to?

A

primary bronchiole

33
Q

smallest bronchioles

A

terminal bronchioles

34
Q

where is the conducting zone of the respiratory system where no gas exchange occurs

A

between the upper respiratory tract and the lower

35
Q

what are the three parts of the respiratory zone?

A

respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, and alveoli sac

36
Q

responsible for gas exchange

A

alveoli

37
Q

basic unit of respiration

A

alveolus

38
Q

what kind of blood is in the pulmonary arteriole?

A

deoxygenated

39
Q

what type of blood is in the pulmonary venule?

A

oxygenated

40
Q

three layers of the respiratory membrane

A

simple squamous epithelium, fused basement membrane, and continuous capillary endothelium

41
Q

type I alveolar cells

A

pneumocyte

42
Q

which side of the lung is smaller?

A

left

43
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

A

two

44
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

three

45
Q

which lung has the cardiac notch?

A

left

46
Q

where can you see the pulmonary artery and vein, bronchus, nerves, and lymphatic vessels in the lungs

A

medial view (mediastinum surface)

47
Q

portion of the lung supplied by the tertiary bronchus

A

bronchopulmonary segments

48
Q

cell type in trachea and bronchus

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

49
Q

cell type of bronchiole

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

50
Q

cell type of alveoli

A

simple squamous epithelium

51
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

deoxygenated blood to respiratory zone (alveoli)

52
Q

pulmonary veins

A

oxygenated blood

53
Q

bronchial arteries

A

oxygenated blood to non-respiratory zone

54
Q

where do the bronchial arteries arise?

A

thoracic aorta, to azygos vein

55
Q

characteristics of pulmonary circulation

A

low pressure and high volume

56
Q

lines the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

57
Q

attaches to the lung

A

visceral pleura

58
Q

what is the pleural cavity filled with?

A

intrapleural fluid

BI 242 (8 decks)

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