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BI 242 > Chapter 18 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Supplying blood with oxygen and nutrients and shipping CO2 and waste from it. Making ATP

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2
Q

Where is the heart positioned?

A

In mediastinum, superior to the diaphragm (between 2nd and 5th rib).

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3
Q

2/3 of the heart is ___ of the midsternal line

A

left

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4
Q

What heart chamber is anterior to esophagus?

A

left atrium

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5
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

protect and anchor to surrounding structures; prevent overfilling

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6
Q

How many layers does the serous pericardium consist of?

A

2 (parietal and visceral)

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7
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

Epicardium; on the external surface of the heart

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9
Q

Epicardium

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium

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10
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac Muscle Cells

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11
Q

Endocardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What layer of the heart wall prevents blood clotting?

A

Endocardium

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13
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial space, epicardium (visceral), coronary vessels, myocardium, endocardium

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14
Q

How many cardiac valves are there?

A

four

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15
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Mitral and Tricuspid Valve

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16
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

Aortic and Pulmonary Valve

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17
Q

Mitral Valve

A

separates left atrium from left ventricle

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18
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Separates right atrium from right ventricle

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19
Q

Aortic Valve

A

separates left ventricle from aorta; supports all body except lung

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20
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk artery

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21
Q

What is the function of cardiac valves?

A

one-way movement of blood and separation of heart chambers

22
Q

Function of mitral and tricuspid valves

A

one way movement of blood from atria to ventricles; separating atria and ventricles

23
Q

Function of aortic and pulmonary valve

A

one-way movement of blood from ventricles to body; separating ventricles from body

24
Q

Is there a valve between the right atrium and the vena cava’s?

A

No

25
Q

What happens to cardiac valves when the ventricles contract?

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves open; mitral and tricuspid valves close

26
Q

Right atrium

A

from all body except lung

27
Q

Right Ventricle

A

to lung

28
Q

Left atrium

A

from lung

29
Q

Left Ventricle

A

to all body except lung

30
Q

What chambers are within the systemic circuit?

A

right atrium and left ventricle (to/from all body except lung)

31
Q

What chambers are within the pulmonary circuit?

A

right ventricle and left atrium (to/from lung)

32
Q

Pitting Edema

A

right ventricle does not work

33
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Lung

34
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

all body except lung

35
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

deoxygenated

36
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

A

oxygenated blood

37
Q

Receives blood returning from systemic circuit

A

right atrium

38
Q

Receives blood returning from the pulmonary circuit

A

left atrium

39
Q

Pumps blood into pulmonary circulation

A

right ventricle

40
Q

Pumps blood into systemic circulation

A

Left ventricle

41
Q

short, low-pressure circulation

A

pulmonary circuit

42
Q

long, high-friction circulation

A

systemic circuit

43
Q

True or False: equal volumes of blood pumped to both circuits

A

True

44
Q

What is the most important chamber?

A

left ventricle

45
Q

What artery is considered the widow maker?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

46
Q

What is the function of coronary arteries?

A

blood supply to heart muscle

47
Q

Characteristics of Coronary Arteries

A

1) delivered when heart is relaxed
2) Anastomosis
3) Hard to compensate
4) First branch from aorta

48
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

heart attack

49
Q

What causes a heart attack?

A

Prolonged coronary blockage; areas of cell death repaired with noncontractile scar tissues (permanent tissue)

50
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

directly into right atrium

BI 242 (8 decks)

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