Chapter 2.3 - Seperating The Substances Of A Mixture Flashcards
Non mechanical means of separation
Use heat, electricity, magnetism, dissolving, or sticking to separate a mixtures components
Physical separations
Separations not involving chemical reactions
Eg. Centrifugation, chromatography, recrystallization, decantation, density separation, distillation, electrophoresis, evaporation, extraction, floatation, filtration, freezing, magnetic separation, reverse osmosis, sedimentation
Mechanical means of separation
Use gravity, contact forces, or motion to sort the components of a mixture
Sediment(verb)
Sediment(noun)
To fall or sink to the bottom of a liquid
Is matter that has fallen or sunk to the bottom of a liquid
Buoyancy
A medium exerts an upward force on all objects immersed in it
Decanting
Carefully pouring off a liquid and leaving behind the sediment in the bottom of the original container
Filtration
The liquid containing the sediment is poured into a folded piece of filter paper in a funnel.
Residue
The material filtered out of a mixture
Filtrate
The liquid that passes through the filter paper
Centrifugation
Another method of separation (spinning) - enhances density separation - particles that would sink/rise still do so just in a more rapidly manner
Inertia
Resistance to change in motion
Chromatography
Separates the substances in a solution by having a flowing liquid or has carry them at different rates through a stationary phase
Capillary Action
The tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or to be drawn into small openings
Developing a chromatogram
The spraying of chemicals on a chromatogram to form coloured complexes with the separated substances so they reveal their location
Elution
The process of rising the separated off the chromatogram
Electrophoresis
Similar to chromatography except the stationary phase is gel coated slide or gel filled dish with oppositely charged electrodes at either end
Distillation
Any process that separates a mixture of substances by using their different vapour pressures or boiling points
Distillate
Pure substance created via distillation
Residue
The remaining material in the filter/impurities that were dissolved in the water and remain as residue in original flask
Azeotropic mixture
A mixture that cannot be separated
Fractional distillation
Simple distillation is repeated many times
Simple distillation
For separating dissolved solids from a solvent
Minerals
Naturally occurring compounds
Froth floatation
Process in which powdered ore is mixed with water; pine oil is added which adheres to minerals; air is bubbled through the mixture and the hydrophobic mineral grains are carried to the surface where they are retrieved by skimming them off the top
