Chapter 2.1 - Matter Flashcards
Mechanical energy
Any form of energy that enables transitional, rotational and/or vibrational motion
Kinetic Energy
Any form of energy that can’t be stored - greater mass, greater kinetic energy
Thermal Energy
Total mechanical energy of an object or a materials particles
Temperature
The average mechanical energy of the particles that compose a material (intensive property)
Heat
Energy transferred from one body to another because of a difference in temperature
Operational Definition
Observable characteristics that help is classify things as belonging/not belonging to the defined group
Conceptual Definition
Explain what operational definitions describe
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Explains what happens to matter when the Kinetic energy of particles changes
Melting point
The temperature of a solid as it change to a liquid
Vapour
The gas formed by a substance that boils above room temperature
Boiling
Vigorous bubbling that occurs within a body of liquid as it vaporizes internally
Volatile
Substances that readily evaporate or evaporate at high rates
(High vapour pressures and low boiling points)
Chemistry
The science concerned with the properties, composition, and behaviour of matter
Heat of fusion (Hf)
Amount of heat required to melt a specific amount of a substance at it’s melting point
Potential Energy
Stored energy
Matter
Is anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass
Is the amount of matter contained in a thing (kg/g)
Properties
Are the qualities/characteristics of a thing
Classified as being intensive/extensive
Extensive Properties
Qualities that are or depend on the amount of material
Eg. Mass, volume, electrical resistance, flexibility
Intensive properties
Qualities that do not depend on the amount of material
Eg. Melting point
Eg. Gold has density of 19.3 g/cm^3. Golds melting point and density are the same for all samples. These properties can be used to identify a material.
Physical properties
Describe physical changes - changes of state or form physical properties describe the physical characteristics of a material.
Chemical Properties
Describe chemical changes. New substances are formed. Describe tendency of chemical to react, chemicals stability, reactivity, toxicity, flammability
EVIDENCE:
Precipitation, colour change, release/absorption of light/heat and gas is released
Reactivity
Refers to whether a substance reacts or to it’s reaction rate
Heat of formation
The heat released when a substance is formed from it’s elements
