Chapter 23 - Respiratory

Question 0

What is the volume of air inspired during a very deep inhalation (3100 - depends on height and gender)?

Answer 0

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Question 1

What is the volume of air inspired (or expired) during normal quiet breathing? (500 ml)

Answer 1

Tidal Volume

Question 2

What is the volume of air expired during a forced exhalation (1200 ml)?

Answer 2

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 3

What is all the air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration?

-Sum of inspiratory reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve (4800 ml)

Answer 3

Vital Capacity

Question 4

What is the air still present in the lungs after a force exhalation (1200 ml)?

-A reserve for mixing gases but is not available to move in or out of the lungs

Answer 4

Residual Volume

Question 5

What is the relationship between the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma and the saturation of hemoglobin?

-The higher the PO2 dissolved in the plasma, the higher the SaO2.

Answer 5

Oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve

Question 6

Highest part of oxygen-hemoglobin curve

Answer 6

Oxygenated blood in systemic arteries

Question 7

Although PO2 is the most important determinant of SaO2, what other factors affect oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?

Answer 7

• Acidity (pH)
  
  • Increasing CO2 or Hydrogen both shift curve right
  • Decreasing CO2 or Hydrogen both shift curve left
• PCO2
• Blood Temperature
  
  • Fever (Increase temp, speeds up cell metabolism, use more O2 - shift curve right)
  • Hypothermia (Decrease temp, slow down cell metabolism, use less O2, shift curve left)

As you change these 3 factors, curve either shifts left (higher affinity for O2) or to the right (lower affinity for O2)

Question 8

Decreasing oxygen affinity

Answer 8

Allowing oxygen to go into tissues

Question 9

Increasing oxygen affinity:

Answer 9

Holding onto O2 and keeping it in the blood

Question 10

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 10

What happens as blood flows from the lungs toward the tissues, as the increasing acidity (pH decreases) shifts the O2-Hg saturation curve to the right, enhancing the unloading of O2 (which we want to happen)

-Goes to tissues

Question 11

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 11

What happens at the lungs when oxygenated blood has a reduced capacity to carry CO2, and it is unloaded as we exhale (what we want to happen)

-Goes to the alveoli to be breathed out

Question 12

Pneumotaxic center:

Answer 12

Regulates how much you inspire to the point of hyper expansion of the lungs

Question 13

Apneustic center:

Answer 13

Coordinates the transition between inhalation and exhalation

Question 14

Conducting zone:

Answer 14

Air in –> Trachea –> Primary Bronchi –> Secondary bronchi –> Tertiary Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Terminal Bronchioles

Question 15

Respiratory Zone:

Answer 15

Respiratory bronchioles –> Aveolar Duct –> Aveolar Sac –> Aveoli