Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Describe Septicima, including agents signs and symptoms

Answer 1

a. uncontrolled microbial proliferation in the blood
b. symptoms- fever, decreased blood pressure, red streaks under the skim (lymphangitis)
c. sepsis- toxic condition resulting from septicemia
d. may result in a significant drop in blood pressure- shock
e. usually caused by gram-negative rods
f. symptoms caused by endotoxins

Question 2

What is the usual cause of septic shock?

Answer 2

Gram negative LPS
endotoxins
that lead to sepsis + uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

Question 3

list diseases transmitted in milk

Answer 3

Brucellosis -undulant fever
anthrax
gastroenteritis

Question 4

Describe Clostridium spp.

Answer 4

Gram positive
endospore forming
anaerobic rod
commonly found in soil

Question 5

Describe Bacillus anthracis

Answer 5

Gram positive
endospore forming
aerobic rod
commonly found in soil

Question 6

list diseases caused by dog or cat bites

Answer 6

a. Sepsis due to Pasteurella multocida, -
i. Begins as a local infection and can be life threatening. Usually treated with Penicillin and Tetracycline
b. Cat scratch disease due to Bartonella henslea,
i. Produces ulcerated lesion, painful swelling of the lymph nodes and generalized illness.
ii. Treated with Rifampin and other antibiotics
c. Rabies

Question 7

Describe the plague, including agents signs and symptoms

Answer 7

a. Causative agent: Yersinia pestis, gram-negative rod
b. Reservoir: Rats, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs
c. Vector: Xenopsylla cheopis- rat flea
d. Bubonic plague: Bacterial growth in blood and lymph producing buboes, swellings
e. Septicemia plague: Septic shock
f. Pneumonic plague: Bacteria in the lungs- spread by airborne droplets

Question 8

Give the mode of transmission of encephalitis

Answer 8

Arthropod borne, via mosquito

Question 9

Describe toxoplasmosis

Answer 9

a. Caused by Toxoplasma gondii
b. Transmission: Ingesting undercooked meat and Contact with cat feces
c. Congenital infection
i. Stillbirth
ii. Neurological damage
d. Subclinical infections are common
e. Symptoms are mild in the average healthy adult
f. It can be transmitted to fetus
g. Congenital infections produce convulsions, brain damage, blindness, and death
h. Diagnosis involves serological testing

Question 10

list diseases caused by EB virus

Answer 10

a. Infectious Mononucleosis- commonly known as “Mono”
b. Burkitt’s lymphoma
c. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
d. Cancer in immunosuppressed individuals and in malaria and AIDS patients

Question 11

List diseases associated with prions

Answer 11

a. Scrapie (sheep)
b. Transmissible mink encephalopathy
c. Bovine spongiform encephalitis (mad cow disease)
d. Kuru – New Guinea, contracted by eating infected brain tissue (cannibalism was a mourning rite among members of this particular tribe between about 1920 and 1950)
e. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is very similar and has a heritable form and may be passed by contact (neurosurgery, corneal transplants, pituitary-derived GH preparations
f. Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) similar, inherited

Question 12

List examples of zoonosis.

Answer 12

see table