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Fire Everything > Chapter 23 Hazmat > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Hazmat Flashcards

1
Q

TRACEM - 6 haz mat hazard types

A 
Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation 
Chemical
Etiological/biological
Mechanical
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2
Q

Polymerization

A

Chem reaction, two molecules combine to form larger molecules. Can be violent reaction

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3
Q

Elevated temp material

A

liquid above 100C (212F)
intentionally heated above liquid phase flash point of 38C
Solids above 240C

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4
Q

Cryogens

A

Gases that convert to liquids when cooled at or below -90C at 14.7 psi (101kPa)
Nitrogen helium hydrogen argo liquid oxygen and liquidified natural gas

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5
Q

Poison

A

Anything injurious to health when taken into body

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6
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Causes chem change in atoms by removing electrons (ionizing most energetic, non ionizing least energetic)

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7
Q

Radiological hazards

A

Most common at med centers nuclear power plants research facilities and transport incidents

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8
Q

Nonionizing radiation

A

Energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at speed of light - incluide visible light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation

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9
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Alpha

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10
Q

Proton/electron

A

Positive/negative charge

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11
Q

Photon

A

Weightless packet of electromagnetic energy such as x-ray or visible light

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12
Q

Alpha radiation

A

In smoke detectors
Stopped by skin
Don’t put it in your mouth

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13
Q

Beta radiation

A

Can make it 20 ft through air, but then are stopped by clothes

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14
Q

Gamma radiation

A 
Easily pass through body
Stopped by 2 inches of lead
2 feet concrete
Several feet of earth
Firefighting clothing does shit all
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15
Q

Neutron radiation

A

Fission reactions and oil moisture density gauges
Mass but no electric charge
Creates secondary radiation

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16
Q

Corrosive

A

Corrodes steel. Damages human tissue

Divided into acid and base’s (not all are acids or bases like peroxide)

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17
Q

Asphyxiants

A

Simple displaced air

Chemical is CO and cyanide

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18
Q

Ion

A

Atom that has lost or gained an electron, giving it a charge

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19
Q

pH

A

Acid immediate pain. Corrosive action gives off lots of heat
Bases 8-14. Not usually immediate. They stick to eye tissue and breakdown fat. Skin may feel greasy or slick after exposure
HCL an react with metal to form explosive hydrogen gas
Acids and bases can react violently to water

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20
Q

Convulsants

A

For this it means muscle contractions

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21
Q

Carcinogens

A

PVC benzene asbestos arsenic nickel some pesticides some chlorinated hydrocarbons and many plastics

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22
Q

Biological hazards

A

Also called etiological
Rickettsias are bacteria on lice fleas and ticks
Infection can transmit to people
Contagious is person to person

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23
Q

Explosion three hazards

A

Blast pressure - most of injuries and damage
Shrapnel
Seismic effects

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24
Q

Lighter than air gasses

4H’s MEDIC ANNA

A 
Hydrogen
Helium
Hydrogen cyanide (1.0)
Hydrogen fluoride 
Methane 
Ethylene
Diborane
Illuminating gases
CO (0.96)
Acetylene 
Neon
Nitrogen
Ammonia
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25
Q

Vapour pressure

A

Tendency to evaporate

Rises as temp increases

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26
Q

Boiling point

A

Temp at which vapour pressure is equal or greater to atmospheric pressure
Flammable liquids with low boiling points are more dangerous

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27
Q

Vapour density

A

Less than one rises

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28
Q

Specific gravity

A

Less than one floats

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29
Q

Strong oxidizers

A

Readily give off oxygen to sustain a reaction

Hydrocarbons can ignite spontaneously when mixed with one such as nitrates perchlorate a chlorine and fluorine

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30
Q

General emergency behaviour model GEBMO

A 
Six stages of events at an incident 
Stress 
Breach
Release 
Dispersion 
Exposure 
Harm
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31
Q

GEBMO three types of stress

A

Thermal
Chemical
Mechanical

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32
Q

GEBMO breach types

A 
Disintegration- glass bottle shattering or grenade exploding 
Cracking
Attachments open or break 
Puncture
Split or tear
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33
Q

GEBMO release types

A

Detonation
Violent rupture
Rapid relief
Spill

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34
Q

GEBMO dispersion types

A 
Cloud
Cone 
Plume 
Hemispheric 
Pool stream 
Irregular- driving through
35
Q

GEBMO exposure

A

Can be short - hours
Medium - days to months
Long - years

36
Q

5 types of hazmat containers

A 
Nonbulk 
Ton
Intermediate bulk
Bulk
Bulk-capacity containment systems
37
Q

Carboy

A

Cylindrical container 19-57L for pure or corrosive materials

38
Q

Bulk packaging criteria

A

Max capacity for liquid greater than 450L
Max for solid 450L or 400kg
Water capacity is 454kg or more for a gas

39
Q

Bulk capacity fixed facility containers

A

Includes piping reactors storage cabinets etc
Above ground ranks are non pressure and pressure
Non pressure 0.5 psi 3.45kpa
Low pressure and 0.5 to 15 psi
Pressure is above 15 103kPa

40
Q

Bulk 3 categories

A

Tank and other rail cars
Cargo tanks
Intermodal

41
Q

Tank cars

A

Non pressure aka low pressure are below 25 psi at 41-46C

Pressure tank cars 25psi at 20C

42
Q

Types of atmospheric/non pressure tanks flammable combustible corrosive liquids

A

Horizontal - bulk storage and able to dispense
Cone roof - weak roof to shell seams that break with pressure
Open top floating roof - no vapour space like cone roof
Covered top floating roof - like a cone roof with a floating top. Also has a version covered with geodesic dome (for flammable liquids)
Lifter roof - designed for when vapour pressure builds the roof lifts and relieves it
Vapordome roof tank - Vertical storage with flexible diaphragm for vapours
Underground - More than 10% uderground. Typically petro products

43
Q

Low pressure storage tanks and pressure vessels

A

Done roof - generally classified as low pressure. Up to 15 psi
Spheroid - low pressure

44
Q

Low pressure tanks - LPG, flammable liquids, methane

A

Dome roof - 15PSI flammable liquids
Spheroid - 3 mil gallons
Noded spehroid- can be substantially larger and flatter than spheroid
Horizontal pressure
Horizontal pressure vessel - 40,000 gallons
Spherical pressure - 2.2mil gallons. Often supported off ground.
Cryogenic liquid storage - 300 to 400,000 gallons - CO2, liquid oxygen

45
Q

Intermediate bulk containers

A

450-3000L
Divided into flexible and rigid
Called totes but only flexible is really a tote
Up to 100 PSI
Carry liquids, fertilizers, solvents and other chemicals

46
Q

Ton containers

A

1 short ton or approx 2000lbs
Typically stored on side with convex or concave ends with two valves in the center of one end
Chlorine, sulfur dioxide, anyhydrous ammonia or freon
*Structural FF gear will not protect from ton containers

47
Q

3 incident levels hazmat

A

I - 1st responders
II - beyond 1st responders
III - outside help

48
Q

Cargo tank trucks - Non pressure

A 
DOT 406
Less than 4 PSI 28 kPa
Max capacity usually 34000 L
Gas fuel alcohol
Flammable liquids
Combustible liquids
49
Q

Cargo tank trucks Low pressure

A 
DOT 407 
Pressure under 40 PSI 276kPa
Capacity 26000 L
Rubber lined with double shell 
Fusible plugs, frangible disks or vents on top
Flammable liquids
Combustible liquids
Acids
Caustics
Poisons
50
Q

Cargon tank trucks corrosive liquids

A 
DOT 412
Less than 75 PSI 517 kPa 
Max 26000 L 
Lined, single compartment
Small diameter
51
Q

Cargo tank trucks High-pressure

A 
MC-331
100psi 689 kPa
Not insulated
Large hemispheric head both ends
Guard cage around bottom
Permanent flammable or compressed gas markings
Pressurized gasses and liquids
Ammonia
Propane butane and other gasses liquified under pressure
52
Q

Cargo tank trucks cryogenic liquid

A

MC338
less than 22psi 152 kPa
Insulated
Round with flat ends

53
Q

Cargo tank trucks compressed gas/tube trailer

A

3000 to 5000 psi
Individual steel cylinders stacked/banded together
Helium hydrogen methane oxygent

54
Q

Cargo tank trucks dry bulk

A

Less than 22psi 152 kPa
Valves on bottom
Variable shape but V shape has bottom unloading compartments
Calcium carbide, oxidizers, corrosive solids, cement, plastic pellets, fertilizers

55
Q

Intermodal tanks

A

Non pressure is up to 100psi, pressure is 100-500psi (689 to 3447 kPa)

56
Q

5 types of RAM (radioactive materal)

A

Class A B C industrial excepted
Type C is rare, meant for plutonium, transported by aircraft, able to withstand plane crashes without contamination
Excepted, industrial, A, B, C for order of severness

57
Q

Placards - Class 1

A

Explosives

  1. 1 to 1.6
  2. 1 seems to be the most dangerous, 1.6 the least
58
Q

Placards class 2 gases

A

Vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa at 50C OR is completely gaseous at 20C 101.3 kPa (DOT definition more specific than NFPA)
Hazards - thermal, asphyxiation, chemical, mechanical

59
Q

Class 2 gasses sub classes

A
  1. 1 flammable gas
  2. 2 nonflammable poisonous gas
  3. 3 gas poisonous by inhalation (hazard zones a through d with a being the worst) LC50 less than 200ppm or A and 3000-5000 ppm for D
60
Q

Class 3 flammable and combustible liquids

A 
Different definitions for flammable and combustible liquid
Flammable - Flash point less than 60C or 37.8C that is intentionally heated for transport
Combustible - Flash point between 60C and 93C and does not meet the definition of any other hazard class 
Hazards are thermal mechanical chemical and asphyxiation
61
Q

Three divisions of class 4 flammable solids

A

4.1 flammable solids 4.2 spontaneously combustible and 4.3 dangerous when wet
Hazards thermal mechanical chemical

62
Q

Class 5 oxidizers and organic peroxides

A

5.1 oxidizers 5.2 organic peroxides

Hazards fire and explosions with associated thermal and mechanical hazards. Also chemical

63
Q

Class 6 poison

A

Toxic effects, chemical hazards, thermal effects and falmmability
6.1 poisonous metals
6.2 infectious substance
There is an inhalation placard with skull and crossbones (6.1 with inhalation hazard)
PG may be used for less dangerous than just having poison in 6.1 PG I greatest danger PG III least

64
Q

Class 7 Radioactive

A

Limited amount allowed to be transported on highway

65
Q

Class 8 corrosive materials

A

May react to water, can have BLEVEs, thermal danger, chemical danger, toxic danger

66
Q

Class 9 miscellaneous goos

A

Has an anesthetic, noxious or other similar property or is a hazardous substance or waste or is an elevated temperature material or is a marine pollutant

67
Q

Needs a UN number

A 
Rail tank cars
Cargo tank trucks
Portable tanks
Bulk packages
Vehicles with non bulk but a total of 4000kg of same haz material 
Certain nonbulk like poisonous gasses
68
Q

Class 1 again

A

1.1 to 1.6 most to least dangerous

69
Q

Class 2 again

A

Flammable gasses 2.1

  1. 2 nonflammable and non toxic
  2. 3 toxic gases
70
Q

Spec plates on highway vehicles

A

Provide info about the standards to which the container was built

71
Q

Railroad tank car markings include

A

Initials (reporting marks) and number
Capacity stencil
Specification marking

72
Q

Reporting marks

A

Combo of letters and numbers stencilled on a railcar that may have info about contents from the shipper
Also known as railcar initials and numbers
Sometimes on the top for tipovers

73
Q

NFPA 704

A

Standard system for identification of the hazards of materials for emergency response
Typically used in fixed storage facilities. Not for transport, public, no emerg, explosives, chronic health hazards, biological agents

74
Q

NFPA 704 limitations

A 
Type of hazards but not material or quantity 
Scale of 0-4. 4 bad. 
Flammability (top)
Instability (right)
Health hazards (left)
Bottom can have ox or w(ater)
75
Q

Least to most dangerous warning words for American hazardous chemicals

A

Caution
Warning
Danger
Poison

76
Q

Where must pipelines be marked

A

Crossing roads railroads and waterways

77
Q

Pesticide labels

A

Extremely flammable on it if flash point below 27C

78
Q

Bill of lading

A

Describes cargo origin destination and route. Trucking and other industries. For hazardous material

79
Q

Hazmat shipping paper terms

A

Air - air bill
Road - bill of lading
Rail - train list/consist
Water - manifest

80
Q

Standard transportation commodity code

A

Seven digit number to identify chemicals on trains
Starts with 48 is haz waste
49 is haz May

81
Q

Toxic industrial material

A

30 mil tons of toxic chem produced by single production facility. Can be used by terrorists

82
Q

Phosphine

A

Colourless flammable toxic gas with odor of garlic or decaying fish. Ignores spontaneously on contact with air and will fuck your day up if inhaled

83
Q

Peroxide based explosives used in London 2005 mass transit attacks

A

TATP and HMTD

Fire Everything (14 decks)

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