Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology 2 > Chapter 23: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Digestive System Flashcards

0
Q

Alimentary canal (gastrointestinal or GI TRACT):

A

◼️mouth to anus
◼️digests food and absorbs fragments
◼️mouth, pharynx, esophagus , stomach, small intestine, large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Two groups of organs:

A

◼️alimentary canal

◼️accessory digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Accessory digestive organs:

A 
◼️teeth, tongue, gallbladder 
◼️digestive glands:
▪️salivary glands 
▪️liver 
▪️pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 essential activities:

A 
1⃣ingestion
2⃣propulsion
3⃣mechanical breakdown
4⃣digestion
5⃣absorption
6⃣defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GI tract regulatory mechanisms:

A

◼️mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

◼️intrinsic and extrinsic controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors :

A

◼️respond to stretch, change in osmolarity and pH , and presence of substrate and end products of digestion
◼️initiate reflexes that :
▪️activate or inhibit digestive glands
▪️stimulate smooth muscle to mix and move lumen contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intrinsic and extrinsic controls:

A

◼️short reflexes: enteric nerve plexuses (gut brain) respond to stimuli in GI tract
◼️long reflexes : respond to stimuli inside or outside GI tract ; involves CNS centers and autonomic nerves
◼️hormones from cells in stomach and small intestine stimulate target cells in same or different organs to secrete or contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Peritoneum:

A

◼️serous membrane of abdominal cavity
◼️visceral peritoneum on extern surface of most digestive organs
◼️parietal peritoneum lines body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peritoneal cavity :

A

◼️between two peritoneums

◼️fluid lubricates mobile organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mesentary:

A

◼Double layer of peritoneum
◼️routes for blood vessels, lymphatics , and nerves
◼️holds organs in place ; stores fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retroperitoneal organs:

A

Posterior to peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intra peritoneal :

A

Surrounded by peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Peritonitis:

A

◼️inflammation of peritoneum
◼️causes by ex piercing abdominal wound, perforating ulcer , ruptured appendix
◼️peritoneal covering stick together, localizing infection
◼️dangerous and lethal if widespread
◼️treated with debris removal and antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Splanchic circulation:

A

◼️branches of aorta serving digestive organs :
▪️hepatic, splenic, left gastric
▪️inferior and superior mesenteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hepatic portal circulation:

A

◼️drains nutrient -rich blood from digestive organs

◼️delivers it to the liver for processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four basic layers of the alimentary canal:

A

◼️mucosa
◼️sub mucosa
◼️muscularis externa
◼️serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mucosa lines what?

A

Lines lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mucosa 3 functions:

A

◼️secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones
◼️absorbs end products of digestion
◼️protects against infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mucosa has what three layers?

A

◼️epithelium
◼️lamina propria
◼️muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epithelium :

A

◼️simple columnar epithelium and mucus secreting cells (most of tract)
▪️mucus : protects digestive organs from enzymes
And
Eases food passage
◼️May secrete enzymes and hormones (ex: in stomach / small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lamina propria:

A

◼️loose areole connective tissue
◼️capillaries for nourishment and absorption
◼️lymphoid follicles (part of MALT)
▪️defend against microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Muscularis mucosae:

A

Smooth muscle ➡️ local movements of mucosa

22
Q

Sub mucosa :

A

◼️areolar connective tissue

◼️blood and lymphatic vessels lymphoid follicles, and submucosal nerve plexus

23
Q

Muscularis externa:

A

◼️responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
◼️inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
▪️circular layer thickens in some areas ➡️sphincters
▪️myenteric nerve plexus between two muscle layers

24
Q

What tissue type is Visceral peritoneum?

A

◼️️areolar connective tissue covered with mesothelium in most organs

25
Q

Visceral peritoneum is replaced by what __ in the esophagus?

A

Adventitia

26
Q

Retro peritoneal organs have both _ and _ ?

A

Adventitia and serosa

27
Q

Where does is the intrinsic nerve supply of alimentary canal come from?

A

Enteric neurons (more than spinal cord)

28
Q

Major nerve supply to GI tract wall; control motility :

A

◼️Submucosal nerve plexus

◼️myenteric nerve plexus

29
Q

Submucosal nerve plexus :

A

Regulates glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa

30
Q

Myenteric nerve plexus:

A

Controls GI tract motility

31
Q

Enteric nervous system:

A

◼️linked to CNS via afferents visceral fibers
◼️long ANS fibers synapse with enteric plexuses
▪️sympathetic impulses inhibit digestive activities
▪️parasympathetic impulses stimulate digestive activities

32
Q

Oral (buccal) cavity:

A

◼️bounded by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue
◼️oral office is anterior opening
◼️lined with stratified squamous epithelium

33
Q

What is the oral cavity lined with?

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

34
Q

Which muscles so the lips and cheeks contain?

A

◼️Oris

◼️buccinator

35
Q

Oral vestibule:

A

Recess internal to lips (Labia) and cheeks, external to teeth and gums

36
Q

Oral cavity:

A

Proper lies within teeth and gums

37
Q

Labial frenulum:

A

Median attachment of each lip to gum

38
Q

Hard palate:

A

◼️Palatine bones and palatines processes of maxillae

▪️slightly corrugated to help create friction against tongue

39
Q

Soft palate :

A

Folded form mostly skeletal muscle

40
Q

What does the soft palate do?

A

Closes off nasoparynx during swallowing

41
Q

Uvula projects __ from its free edge ?

A

Downward

42
Q

Tongue is what kind of muscle ?

A

Skeletal

43
Q

3 functions of the tongue:

A

◼️repositioning and mixing food during chewing
◼️formation of bolus
◼️initiation of swallowing , speech, and taste

44
Q

What do intrinsic muscles do with tongue?

A

Change shape

45
Q

What do extrinsic muscles do with tongue?

A

Alter tongues position

46
Q

Lingual frenulum:

A

Attachment to floor of mouth

47
Q

The tongues surface bears 4 papillae:

A

◼️filiform
◼️fungiform
◼️vallate (circumvallate)
◼️foliate

48
Q

Filiform:

A

◼️whitish, give the tongue roughness and provide friction; do not contain taste buds

49
Q

Fungiform:

A

Reddish, scattered over tongue; contain taste buds

50
Q

️Vallate :

A

V- shaped row in back of tongue; contain taste buds

51
Q

Foliate:

A

On lateral aspects of posterior tongue; contain taste buds that function primarily in infants and children

52
Q

Lingual lipase:

A

◼️secreted by serous cells beneath foliate and ️vallate papillae secrete
◼️fat-digesting enzyme functional in stomach

53
Q

Terminal sulcus marks division between:

A

◼️body- anterior 2/3 residing in oral cavity
◼️root- posterior third residing in oropharynx
◼️just posterior to vallate papillae

Anatomy And Physiology 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions