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Anatomy And Physiology 2 > Chapter 20: Lympthatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Lympthatic System Flashcards

0
Q

The lymphatic system consists of 3 parts:

A

Network of lymphatic parts
Lymph- fluid in vessels
Lymph nodes- cleanse lymph

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1
Q

Lymphatic system:

A

Returns excess fluid that leaked from blood vessels back to blood.

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2
Q

Lymphoid organs and tissues do what?

A

▪️provide structural basis of mine system
▪️house phagocytosis and lymphocytes
▪️structures include spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, other lymphoid tissue

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3
Q

Lymphatic vessels:

A

▪️return interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back into blood
▪️~ 3 L /day
▪️once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, called lymph

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4
Q

Lymphatic vessels: distribution and structure:

A 
▪️one- way system; flows toward heart
▪️lymphatic vessels include:
-Lymphatic capillaries
-Collecting lymphatic vessels
-Lymphatic trunks and ducts
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5
Q

Lymphatic capillaries:

A

Similar to blood capillaries EXCEPT:
▪️very permeable (take up proteins, cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells)
- endothelial cells overlap loosely to form one-way mini valves
▪️pathogens travel throughout body via lymphatics

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6
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are absent from what?

A

Bones, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS

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7
Q

Lacteals:

A

Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

-absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood

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8
Q

Lymphatic collecting vessels:

A

Similar to veins EXCEPT:
Have thinner walls, with more internal valves
-anastomose more frequently
▪️collecting vessels in skin travel with superficial veins
▪️deep vessels travel with arteries
▪️nitrients supplied from branching vasa vasorum

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9
Q

Lymphatic trunks:

A 
◾️paired lumbar 
◾️paired bronchomediastinal
◾️paired subclavian
◾️paired jugular trunks 
◾️single intestinal trunk
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10
Q

Lymphatic ducts:

A

Lymph delivers into one of two large ducts:
Right lymphatic duct drains right upper arm and right side of thorax

Thoracic duct arises as cisterna chyli ; drains rest of body

Each empires lymph into venous circulation at junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of body

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11
Q

Lymph transport:

A

Lymph propelled by :
▪️milking action of skeletal muscle
▪️pressure changes in thorax during breathing
▪️valves to prevent backflow
▪️pulsation of nearby arteries
▪️contractions of smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics

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12
Q

Lymphocytes:

A

Main warriors of immune system

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13
Q

Where do lymphocytes arise from?

A

Red bone marrow

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14
Q

Lymphocytes mature into with two varieties ?

A 
T cells( T lymphocytes )
B cells (B lymphocytes )
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15
Q

Specific immunity involves which cells?

A

T cells
B cells
Neutrophils

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16
Q

T and B cells protect against what?

A

Antigens !

Bacteria, bacterial toxins, viruses , cancer cells

17
Q

T cells:

A

▪️manage immune response

▪️attack and destroy infected cells

18
Q

B cells:

A
  • produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies

- antibodies mark antigens for destruction by phagocytosis or other means

19
Q

Do T or B cells product antibodies?

A

B cells produce antibodies

20
Q

Macrophages:

A

Phagocytize foreign substances, help activate T cells

21
Q

Dendritic cells:

A

Capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes; activate T cells (antigen presenting cells)

22
Q

Reticular cells:

A

Produce reticular fiber

23
Q

Stroma:

A

Supports other cells in lymphoid organs

24
Q

Lymphoid tissue:

A

Houses, provides proliferation site for, lymphocytes

25
Q

Lymphoid is largely what kind of tissue?

A

Reticular connective tissue (loose connective tissue )

26
Q

Two main types of lymphoid tissue:

A

Diffuse lymphoid tissue

Lymphoid follicles

27
Q

Where are Peyers Patches located ?

A

Small intestine

28
Q

Lymph nodes:

A

▪️principal lymphoid organs of body
▪️embedded on connective tissue in clusters along lymphatic vessels
▪️near body surface in inguinal, axillary, cervical regions of body

29
Q

What are the 2 functions of lymph nodes?

A
  1. Filter lymph - macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris
  2. Immune system activation - lymphocytes activated and mount attack against antigens
30
Q

Circulation in the lymph node:

A

Enters convex side via agreement lymphatic vessels; travel through large sub capsular sinus and smaller sinuses to medullary sinuses ; exists concave side at Hilum via efferent vessels

31
Q

Spleen:

A

▪️Largest lymphoid organ
▪️served by splenic artery and vein which entree and exit at the Hilum
▪️functions:
-sit of lump cute proliferation andime surveillance and response
-cleases boos of aged cells and platelets , macrophages, remove debris
-

32
Q

Which organ is responsible for breakdown products of RBC?

A

Spleen

33
Q

White pulp:

A

Most lymphocytes on reticular fibers involved with immune functions

34
Q

Red pulp:

A

In venous sinuses.

Rich in RBC and macrophages for disposal of worn out RBC and blood borne pathogens
-composed of splenic cords and sinusoids

35
Q

Thymus:

A

Important functions early on life.
▪️increases in size and most active during childhood
▪️stops growing during adolescence then gradually atrophies
▪️still produces incompetent ces but slowly

36
Q

Most thymus cells are lymphocytes: true or false?

A

True

- cortex constrains rapidly dividing lymphocytes and thymus corpuscles involved in regulatory T cell development

37
Q

The thymus differs from other lymphoid organs in important ways:

A

▪️has no follicles because it lacks B cells

▪️functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation. Keeps isolated with blood thymus barrier

38
Q

Stroma:

A

Provide environment in which T lymphocytes become immunocompetent

39
Q

4 types of lymphoid tonsils?

A

Palatine
Linguinal
Pharyngeal
Tubal

40
Q

To solar crypts:

A

Trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter

-allow immune cells to bu memory for pathogens

Anatomy And Physiology 2 (7 decks)

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