Chapter 23 (Beta-Oxidation)

Question 1

Every round of BO produces (#) ATP

Answer 1

14
FADH2 = 1.5
NADH = 2.5
Acetyl-CoA = 10

Question 2

Hypoglycin A is an example of a ___ inhibitor

Answer 2

trojan

Inhibits Acyl-CoA DH

Question 3

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase

Answer 3

Creates a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons
Analogous to Succinate DH
Requires: FAD
Produces: FADH2

Question 4

Enoyl-CoA Hydratase

Answer 4

Adds a water across the alpha-beta double bond and creates a beta-hydroxy group
(AKA Crotonase)
Analogous to Fumarase
3 Forms are found in the matrix
Requires: H2O

Question 5

Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase

Answer 5

Oxidizes the beta-hydroxy group and creates a beta-carbonyl group
Analogous to Malate DH
Requires: NAD+
Produces: NADH + H
The NADH donates e- to ETC I

Question 6

Thiolase

Answer 6

Uses covalent catalysis to create a Acetyl-CoA and an Acyl-CoA that is shortened by two carbons
Requires: HSCoA

Question 7

A double bond on an ODD #C means:

Answer 7

we skip a step during BO which results in one less FADH2 which means we -1.5 ATP from our total

Question 8

When we have a DB on an odd #C we use the enzyme:

Answer 8

cis-delta3-Enoyl CoA Isomerase

Question 9

cis-delta3-Enoyl CoA Isomerase

Answer 9

Takes the double bond found between the gamma and beta C’s and moves it to between the beta and alpha C’s
Creates trans-delta2-Enoyl CoA
Reversible

Question 10

Every time we have a DB on an EVEN #C we produce this compound

Answer 10

2,4-Dienoyl CoA

after the Acyl CoA DH step

Question 11

2,4-Dienoyl CoA Reductase

Answer 11

Takes the two double bonds and creates a single DB between the gamma and beta carbon
Requires: NADP+
Produces: NADPH + H
Irreversible

Question 12

Odd #C DB = -___ATP

Even #C BD = -___ATP

Answer 12

• 1.5 (FADH2)

- 2.5 (NADPH)

Question 13

When we have an ODD # carbon chain we produce:

Answer 13

Acetyl-CoA + Propionyl-CoA

Question 14

Propionyl CoA Carboxylase

Answer 14

Adds a CO2 onto C#2 to create D-Methylmalonyl CoA
Requires: ATP + HCO3
Produces: Pi + ADP
Contain Biotin

Question 15

Epimerase

Answer 15

Turns D-Methylmalonyl CoA into L-Methylmalonyl CoA

Reversible

Question 16

Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase

Answer 16

Transfers the CO2 on C#2 onto the methyl group on C#2 creating Succinyl CoA
Requires cofactor B12 (cobalt)
Produces soft radicals
Reversible

Question 17

Propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA = -___ATP

Succinyl CoA through TCA cycle = +___ATP

Answer 17

-1

+7.5

Question 18

Homolytic bond cleavage

Answer 18

when a bond breaks EACH atom gets 1e-
Produces soft radicals
Reason why Co3+ is so important

Question 19

___ are organelles that carry out flavin-dependent (FAD) oxidations in which e- go directly to ___ rather than the ___

Answer 19

Peroxisomes
O2
ETC

Question 20

Ketone bodies are produced during ___ when:

Answer 20

liver gluconeogenesis

when acetyl-coa doesn’t go through the TCA cycle

Question 21

Ketone bodies are an energy source for the ___, it is also an energy source for the ___ but only in fasting conditions

Answer 21

heart
brain (in order to keep the skeletal muscle intact)

Question 22

Hypoglycemia

Answer 22

BO deficiency

Question 23

Acetyl-CoA concentrations increase because ___ is a rate limiter

Answer 23

OAA