Chapter 23 (Beta-Oxidation) Flashcards
Every round of BO produces (#) ATP
14
FADH2 = 1.5
NADH = 2.5
Acetyl-CoA = 10
Hypoglycin A is an example of a ___ inhibitor
trojan
Inhibits Acyl-CoA DH
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
Creates a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons
Analogous to Succinate DH
Requires: FAD
Produces: FADH2
Enoyl-CoA Hydratase
Adds a water across the alpha-beta double bond and creates a beta-hydroxy group (AKA Crotonase) Analogous to Fumarase 3 Forms are found in the matrix Requires: H2O
Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
Oxidizes the beta-hydroxy group and creates a beta-carbonyl group Analogous to Malate DH Requires: NAD+ Produces: NADH + H The NADH donates e- to ETC I
Thiolase
Uses covalent catalysis to create a Acetyl-CoA and an Acyl-CoA that is shortened by two carbons
Requires: HSCoA
A double bond on an ODD #C means:
we skip a step during BO which results in one less FADH2 which means we -1.5 ATP from our total
When we have a DB on an odd #C we use the enzyme:
cis-delta3-Enoyl CoA Isomerase
cis-delta3-Enoyl CoA Isomerase
Takes the double bond found between the gamma and beta C’s and moves it to between the beta and alpha C’s
Creates trans-delta2-Enoyl CoA
Reversible
Every time we have a DB on an EVEN #C we produce this compound
2,4-Dienoyl CoA
after the Acyl CoA DH step
2,4-Dienoyl CoA Reductase
Takes the two double bonds and creates a single DB between the gamma and beta carbon
Requires: NADP+
Produces: NADPH + H
Irreversible
Odd #C DB = -___ATP
Even #C BD = -___ATP
- 1.5 (FADH2)
- 2.5 (NADPH)
When we have an ODD # carbon chain we produce:
Acetyl-CoA + Propionyl-CoA
Propionyl CoA Carboxylase
Adds a CO2 onto C#2 to create D-Methylmalonyl CoA
Requires: ATP + HCO3
Produces: Pi + ADP
Contain Biotin
Epimerase
Turns D-Methylmalonyl CoA into L-Methylmalonyl CoA
Reversible
Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase
Transfers the CO2 on C#2 onto the methyl group on C#2 creating Succinyl CoA
Requires cofactor B12 (cobalt)
Produces soft radicals
Reversible
Propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA = -___ATP
Succinyl CoA through TCA cycle = +___ATP
-1
+7.5
Homolytic bond cleavage
when a bond breaks EACH atom gets 1e-
Produces soft radicals
Reason why Co3+ is so important
___ are organelles that carry out flavin-dependent (FAD) oxidations in which e- go directly to ___ rather than the ___
Peroxisomes
O2
ETC
Ketone bodies are produced during ___ when:
liver gluconeogenesis
when acetyl-coa doesn’t go through the TCA cycle
Ketone bodies are an energy source for the ___, it is also an energy source for the ___ but only in fasting conditions
heart brain (in order to keep the skeletal muscle intact)
Hypoglycemia
BO deficiency
Acetyl-CoA concentrations increase because ___ is a rate limiter
OAA
