Chapter 23 Flashcards
Why do most animals have a circulatory system?
1) Gas exchange
2) to deliver oxygen
What is an open circulatory system?
Blood surrounds all muscles and cells, the body tends to be “filled with fluid”
What is a closed circulatory system?
Have vessels that carry blood for delivery of oxygen and gas exchange
Explain how blood is returned to the heart
O2 poor blood is returned to the heart via the superior vena cava, which is on the top and the inferior vena cava. There are 1-way valves that push the blood back to the heart, while simultaneously dying gravity.
How is blood pressure measured?
A doctor measures blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. They look at systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Diastolic pressure is taken by using mercury in liquid form. They watch how far down the measurement the mercury recedes.
What does EKG/ ECG stand for? How does it regulate and detect heart rate?
Echo CardioGram :: An EKG can be used to detect heart rate abnormalities, and can be used to make sure that the heart is beating correctly and that the nodes are functioning properly.
What is blood made of?
Blood is made of 4 components ::
1) red blood cells - erthyrocytes (transport CO2 and O2)
2) white blood cells - leukocytes (fight off infection and foreign bodies)
3) platelets (clotting factors, help to stop bleeding both internally and externally)
4) Plasma - 92% water, 8% solicited (contains proteins that help blood to clot, transport substances through the blood, and perform other functions)
How do small molecules in capillaries move to or from tissue fluid?
The move to or from tissue fluid via diffusion.
Why are capillaries so thin?
They are thin to allow the exchange of gases, such as O2 and CO2
Structure of blood vessels? Function?
Capillaries, the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels, form the connection between the vessels that carry blood away from the heart (arteries) and the vessels that return blood to the heart (veins). The primary function of capillaries is the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells.
Define Blood Pressure, pulse, and hypertension
Blood pressure : the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, closely related to force given off by each heartbeat
Pulse: a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them
Hypertension: an abnormally high blood pressure ( can be caused by excessive stress over a long period of time)
