Chapter 22

Question 1

Obesity affects approximately ____ of the adult population in the United States.

a. 25%
b. 33%
c. 60%
d. 50%

Answer 1

b. 33%

Question 2

Medication, such as Tums is a/an ____, which neutralizes ______.

a. Base; pyloric acid
b. Acid, gastric juice
c. Base, bacteria
d. Acid, bile

Answer 2

a. Base, pyloric acid

Pyloric acid is also known as HC1

Question 3

What are the 4 stages of food digestion?

Answer 3

Ingestion, digestion, absorbtion, elimination

Question 4

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids ; both digestive processes

a. Are catalyzed by the same enzyme
b. Are exclusively intacellular processes in most organisms
c. Add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis)
d. Require ATP as an energy source

Answer 4

c. Add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis)

Question 5

What is the main function of salivary amylase?

Answer 5

Salivary amylase breaks down starch

Question 6

An individual begins to cough and complains that their food “went down the wrong pipe” Because of your knowledge of the digestive system, you explain that their epiglottis was in the ____ position, causing the food to enter the ______.

Answer 6

The epiglottis was in the up position, leading the food to enter the trachea

Question 7

Where does peristalsis take place / accomplished?

Answer 7

Peristalsis is accomplished by the smooth muscle of the espohagus

Question 8

Stomachs cells are moderately well accomplished to the acidity and protein- digesting activities of the stomachs by having _____?

a. A cell wall impermeable to acid
b. A thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells
c. A suffice to colony of H. pylori
d. A high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells

Answer 8

b. A thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells

Question 9

The inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders (such as heart burn) and ulcers has been improved by

a. The lowering of pH levels
b. X-ray technology
c. The diagnosis and treatment of H. Pylori infection
d. Colonoscopy

Answer 9

c. The diagnosis and treatment of H. Pylori infection

Question 10

What does the large surface area in the small intestine directly facilitate?

Answer 10

Absorbtion

Question 11

Bile

a. Is manufactured by the pancreas
b. Breaks down fat in the duodenum
c. Increases the efficiency of pepsin action
d. Is normally an ingredient gastric juice

Answer 11

b. Breaks down fats in the duodenum

Question 12

Why are villi found in the small intestine but not the stomache?

Answer 12

The small intestine uses the villi to increase its surface area and facilitate absorbtion. Absorbtion does not occur in the stomache

Question 13

Distinguish between chemical and mechanical digestion

Answer 13

Chemical digestion is the use of enzymes, such as salivary amylase to break down starch. Mechanical digestion is chewing using your teeth to break down food

Question 14

Explain how swallowing occurs and how food is directed away from the trachea

Answer 14

Your tongue pushes the food to the back of your mouth. Muscles that make up your esophagus systematically sequentially squeeze the food down your throat. Your epiglottis prevents your food from entering your trachea by “closing the trachea” which means you are not technically breathing when you swallow.

Question 15

Malnutrition vs Obesity

Answer 15

Malnutrition occurs when people do not eat healthily, or are not recieveing the right vitamins and minerals. IT DOES NOT MEAN UNDERFED! You can be malnourished and obese. Obesity occurs when your BMI is over 30 for your height and weight. Obesity can occur because of genetics, but is a main factor when people do not eat correctly and do not exercise

Question 16

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 16

Essential amino acids aren’t already found/ synthesized in/by the organism and have to be added to the diet.

Question 17

What is basal metabolic rate?

Answer 17

the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going, such as breathing and keeping warm.

Question 18

What are vitamins and minerals? Why are they important to the diet?

Answer 18

Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—because they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help heal bones, wounds, and your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage.