Chapter 23

Question 1

What is anemia

Answer 1

reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Question 2

What are the s/s of anemia

Answer 2

• pallor
• dyspnea
• tachycardia
• decreased energy
• decreased regeneration of epithelial tissue

Question 3

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

• Premature destruction of red blood cells
• Retentions of iron and other production of hemoglobin destruction
• Increase in erythropoiesis
• Some RBCs look normal
• Hyperactive bone marrow – immature RBCs in circulation

Question 4

sickle cell anemia

Answer 4

• Autosomal recessive disorder
• The red blood cells become deoxygenated, the hemoglobin changes the shape into sickle

Question 5

s/s of sickle cell anemia

Answer 5

• Appear 8-10 weeks of age
• Tachycardia
• Splenomegaly in young adults
• Vascular occlusion and infarction – painful crises and damamge to tissue and organs

Question 6

treatment of sickle cell anemia

Answer 6

hydroxyurea

Question 7

thalassemia

Answer 7

• Not producing enough of the beta chains or the alpha chains
• Anemia results from defect in hemoglobin
• Cells look Hypochromatic and Microcytic
• found in african americans, asians

Question 8

s/s of thalassemia

Answer 8

• Increased hemolysis
• Growth and development is impaired
• Heart failure
• Splenomegaly
• Hepatomegaly

Question 9

treatment of thalessemia

Answer 9

• Blood transfusions
• Blood cell transplant

Question 10

iron deficient anemia

Answer 10

• Dietary intake may be low
• Increased demand – where utilization of iron may be high as in preganncy and adolescence
• Slow or chronic blood loss – bleeding ulcer, cancer, excessive menstrual flow – decreased iron recycling
• Impair absorption – malabsorption syndrome
• Blood cells look hypochromic and microcytic

Question 11

s/s of iron deficient anemia

Answer 11

• Mild – asymptomatic
• Pallor of skin and mucous membranes related to cutaneous vasoconstriction
• Fatigue
• Cold itnolderance due to decreased cell metabolism
• Palpitations, tachycardia, dyspnea
• Delayed healing

Question 12

treatment of iron deficient anemia

Answer 12

• Treat underlying problem
• Take iron rich food/iron supplements (iron sulfate/gluconate)

Question 13

pernicious anemia

Answer 13

• Caused by gastric atrophy – decreased in parietal cells and the formation of intrinsic factor