Chapter 22 Flashcards
what is warfarin/Coumadin and some of its adverse effects
- It blocks the synthesis of vitamin k dependent clotting factors by the liver
hemophilia A
deficit or abnormality in clotting factors VIII, most common inherited clotting disorder – transmitted on the X chromosome
hemophilia B
deficit or abnormality in clotting factors IX
von willebrand disease
deficiency in von willebrand factor: most common hereditary bleeding disorder
what is DIC
Involves both excess clotting and excessive bleeding: starts with massive activation of the coagulation cascade
what is DIC caused by
caused by massive release of tissue factor/thromboplastin from damaged tissue
what does DIC cause
- preeclampsia or ecampsia
- abruptio placentae
- infection or shock: damage to endothelium
- carcinomas release substances that rigger coagulation
- major traumas
- blood transfusion reaction
treatment of DIC
treat underlying cause such as infection
what is Hemostasis
stoppage of bleeding
what are the 3 stages of hemostasis
- vasopspasm
- platelet plug formation
- coagulation
vasospasm
constriction of the blood vessels
platelet plug formation
platelet becomes sticky and sticks to damaged area
coagulation
- clotting
- final step fibrinogen turns into fibrin, which is the scar portion and overtime as it heals, a nutrients called plasminogen is what dissolves it
vitamin c deficiency
makes your blood vessel weaker, making them rupture
senile purpura
as you get older your blood vessels get weaker
vitamin k deficiency
causes a decreased production of prothrombin and other vitamin dependent clotting factors
s/s of bleeding disorder
- persistent bleeding
- petechiae
- purpura and ecchymosis
what are some treatments for bleeding disorders
- treat underlying cause
- replacement of clotting factors
- cryoprecipitate
- give platelets if the patient is suffering from thrombocytopenia
where are clotting factors made
- plasma proteins
- calcium
what do plasma proteins do
- circulate as inactive procoagulation factors
- most are synthesized by the liver von willebrand factor made by megakaryocytes and endothelium
what are platelets
- live 8 to 9 days
- stored in the spleen
- released when needed
how does deficiency of platelets cause bleeding disorder
without platelets, clotting cannot happen
what does platelet deficiency cause
- aplastic anemia
- anemia
- leukemia
why should a patient with a bleeding disorder not take NSAID
NSAID causes a decrease in the stickiness of platelets
