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Microbiology > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gram-Negative Sepsis

A

Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are most frequently involved
– Elizabethkingia spp. are an emerging pathogen in this problem area
• Antibiotics can worsen the condition by killing bacteria.
• Treatment involves neutralizing the LPS components and
inflammatory-causing cytokines

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2
Q

Gram-Positive Sepsis

A

Hospital-acquired infections
– Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis
▪ Inhabit the colon
▪ Colonize wounds and the urinary tract ▪ Resistant to many antibiotics

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3
Q

Group B streptococci (GBS)

A

Streptococcus agalactiae
– Neonatal sepsis
Copyright © 2021 Pearso

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4
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Puerperal Sepsis

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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

• Acute bacterial endocarditis

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6
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarcletits

A

Alpha-hemolytic streptococci

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7
Q

Acute bacterial endscarditits

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

Pericardotits

A

Streptococci

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9
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

Autoimmune complication of S. pyogenes infections • Inflammation of the heart valves
– Immune reaction against streptococcal M protein
• Subcutaneous nodules at the joints

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10
Q

Sydenham’s chorea

A

Invoularty purposeless movements
Complication of rheumatic fever

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11
Q

Brucellosis (Undulant Fever)

A

Brucella spp.
– Aerobic gram-negative coccobacilli
– Brucella abortus (elk, bison, cows)
– Brucella suis (swine)
– Brucella melitensis (goats, sheep, camels)
• Transmitted via milk from infected animals or contact with infected animals
• Perisists in the reticuloendothelial system; evades phagocytes
• Undulant fever (malaise, night sweats, muscle aches) – Not usually fatal

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12
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis +, endospore

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13
Q

Gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive,
endospore-forming anaerobic rod

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14
Q

Systemic Diseases Caused by Bites and Scratches
,

A

Causes 1% of visits to emergency rooms in hospitals Dogs make up 80% of reported bites; cats about 10%.
– Cat bites have higher infection rates. • Pasteurella multocida
– Gram-negative rod; causes sepsis
• Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium

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15
Q

Plague

A

Caused by Yersinia pestis
– Gram-negative rod
– Transmitted by the rat flea
– Endemic to rats, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs
• Bacteria blocks the flea’s digestive tract.
– Flea bites the host and ingested blood is regurgitated
into the host.
• Bacteria enter the bloodstream and proliferate in the lymph tissue.
– Cause intense swellings called buboes

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16
Q

rat flea

A

Plague

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17
Q

Relapsing Fever

A

Caused by Borrelia spp. – Spirochete
• Transmitted by soft ticks that feed on rodents • High fever, jaundice, rose-colored skin spots • Successive relapses are less severe
• Treated with tetracycline

18
Q

Lyme disease

A

Lyme barreliosis
By borrelia burgdorferi

19
Q

Typhus

A

Rickettsia spp.
– Obligate intracellular parasites
– Infect the endothelial cells of the vascular system
▪ Block and rupture the small blood vessels – Spread by arthropod vectors

20
Q

Typhus fever

A

epidemic louseborne typhus)
– Caused by Rickettsia prowazekii

21
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (

A

tickborne typhus)
– Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
– Spread by wood ticks and dog ticks
– Measles-like rash, except that the rash also appears on the palms and soles

22
Q

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

A

Tumor of the jaw; most common childhood cancer in Africa
– Due to Epstein-Barr virus

23
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

24
Q

Cytomegalovirus Infections

A

Cytomegalovirus
• Remains latent in white blood cells
• Infected cells swell
– Form “owl’s eyes” inclusions
• May be asymptomatic or mild in adults
• Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID)
– Transmitted across the placenta; causes mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns
• Transmitted sexually, via blood, saliva, or by transplanted tissue

25
Q

Marburg virus

A

green monkey virus

26
Q

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

A

Caused by the Ebolavirus, a filovirus similar to the
Marburg virus
– Reservoir is the cave-dwelling fruit bat near the Ebola River in Africa.
– Spread by contact with infected body fluids

27
Q

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

Caused by the Sin Nombre virus

28
Q

Chagas Disease

A

American Trypanosomiasis)
• Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi
– Flagellated protozoan
– Reservoir in rodents, opossums, and armadillos
• Vector is the bug
– Defecates trypanosomes into the bite wound of humans
• Chronic form of the disease causes megaesophagus and megacolon.
– Death due to heart damage
• Therapy is difficult due to trypanosome multiplying intracellularly.

29
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

30
Q

Malaria

A

Plasmodium parasites
• Transmitted by mosquitoes

31
Q

Plasmodium vivax:

A

mildest and most prevalent form; dormant in the liver

32
Q

Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae:

A

benign; restricted geographically

33
Q

Plasmodium falciparum:

A

most deadly; severe anemia; blocks capillaries; affects the kidneys, liver, and brain

34
Q

Malaria prevention and treatment

A

No vaccine and difficult to diagnose

35
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Transmitted via female sandflies
– Promastigote transmitted in saliva from bites – Amastigote proliferates in phagocytic cells

36
Q

Leishmania donovani (

A

visceral leishmaniasis) – Invades the internal organs

37
Q

Leishmania tropica

A

cutaneous leishmaniasis)
– Forms a papule that ulcerates and leaves a scar

38
Q

Leishmania braziliensis

A

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis) – Affects the mucous membranes

39
Q

Schistosomiasis

A

The Helminthic Disease of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Caused by small flukes called Schistosoma
– Feces carrying eggs get into the water supply
▪ Snails serve as the intermediate host.
– Cercariae released from the snail penetrate the skin of
humans
– Eggs shed by adult schistosomes in the host lodge in
tissues, forming granulomas.

40
Q

Schistosoma haematobium:

A

urinary schistosomiasis

41
Q

Schistosoma japonicum:

A

intestinal inflammation; found in Asia

42
Q

Schistosoma mansoni:

A

intestinal inflammation; found in South America

Microbiology (5 decks)

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