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Question 1

Viral Meningitis

Answer 1

probably much more common than bacterial meningitis but tends to be a mild disease.

Question 2

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 2

• Gram-negative aerobic bacteria; normal throat
microbiota
• Can enter the bloodstream
• Pathogenicity due to capsule antigen type b
• Occurs mostly in children (6 months to 4 years)
• Prevented by the Hib vaccine

MENINGITIS

Question 3

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 3

Meningococcal Meningitis

Begins as a throat infection, rash, and bacteremia

• Outbreaks common in dorms and military barracks
• Vaccination protects against serogroups A, C, B, Y, W and but not X

Question 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 4

Pneumococcal Meningitis

Also causes pneumonia and otitis media

Question 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 5

Listeriosis
• Caused by Listeria monocytogenes – Gram-positive rod
• Usually foodborne.

L. monocytogenes is especially dangerous when it infects a pregnant woman. She usually suffers no more than mild, flulike symptoms. The fetus, however, can be infected via the placenta, often resulting in an abortion or stillborn infant.

Question 6

Tetanus

Answer 6

Caused by clostridium tetani gram positive obligate anaerobe, endspore former
Prevention’s:DTaP vaccine, treatment : tetanus immune globulin affected tissues can be by removed debridement

Question 7

Tetanospasmin

Answer 7

neurotoxin released from dead cells (clostridium tetani) blocks the relaxation of muscle (muscel spasm)

Question 8

Botulism

Answer 8

Caused by Clostridium botulinum
– Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate
anaerobe
• Intoxication comes from ingesting the botulinal exotoxin.
– Specific for the synaptic end of the nerve – Blocks release of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, causing flaccid paralysis
• Death usually comes from respiratory or cardiac failure.
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Question 9

Honey

Answer 9

Botulism

Question 10

c. Botulism treatment

Answer 10

Antitoxins not antibodies

Question 11

Hansen’s disease

Answer 11

Leprosy , Mycobacterium leprae

Question 12

Poliomyelitis

Answer 12

poliovirus

Question 13

Rabies

Answer 13

Caused by the rabies virus
– Genus Lyssavirus; bullet-shaped
– Single-stranded RNA; with no proofreading capability, and mutant strains develop easily

Question 14

Arbovirus

Answer 14

arthropod-borne virus

Question 15

Arboviruses

Answer 15

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and western equine encephalitis (WEE), • West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis ,culex mosquitoes

Question 16

Aedes spp. mosquitoes

Answer 16

Zika Virus Disease (ZVD)

Question 17

Fungal Diseases of the Nervous System

Answer 17

Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis (Cryptococcosis)

Question 18

sleeping sickness

Answer 18

African Trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma
brucei

Question 19

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Answer 19

Humans are the only reservoir

Question 20

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Answer 20

Reservoir in livestock and wild animals