Chapter 23

Question 1

Multiple Sclerosis impacts on the brain

Answer 1

1. White matter inflammation, commonly in optic nerve, spinal chord, brain stem, and cerebellum
2. Demyelination

Question 2

The Expanded Disability Status Scale

Answer 2

Measures severity of MS

Question 3

3 subtypes of MS

Answer 3

1. Relapsing-remitting MS, most common (70-80%)
2. Secondary progressive MS, often occurs after RRMS
3. Primary progressive MS, constant progression of symptoms

Question 4

Diagnosis of MS

Answer 4

At least two periods with clinical symptoms and the symptoms can be accounted for by white matter lesions

Question 5

Treatment of MS

Answer 5

1. High dose of corticosteriods

2. Immunomodulating drugs

Question 6

Cause of MS

Answer 6

It is an autoimmune disease that is caused by exogenous trigger factors in people with specific genetic predisposition

Question 7

Cognitive impairments in MS

Answer 7

1. Information processing speed
2. Memory
3. Attention
4. Executive functions
5. Visuospatial
6. Language

Question 8

Comorbidities of MS

Answer 8

1. Fatigue (92%)
2. Depression (27-54%)
3. Anxiety Disorders
4. Bipolar Disorders
5. Psychotic Disorders

Question 9

Prevalence MS

Answer 9

200 per 100.000. More common in women than men

Question 10

Sensory motor symptoms for MS

Answer 10

1. Numbness
2. Electric shock sensations
3. Tremor
4. Unsteady gait
5. Fatigue

Question 11

Prognosis MS

Answer 11

1. Chance of walking unaided after 15 years
   following disease onset is 50%.
2. Frequency of death by suicide is about 7.5
   times higher compared to the general
   population.
3. Average life expectancy is 25 to 35 years
   after the diagnosis
4. Most common causes of death in MS patients are secondary complications resulting from immobility, chronic urinary tract infections, compromised swallowing and breathing