Chapter 14 & 20

Question 1

Vascular dementia

Answer 1

Severe limitations and cognitive dysfunction after a stroke or multiple infarcts

Question 2

Risk factors for vascular dementia

Answer 2

1. Smoking
2. Hypertension
3. High cholesterol
4. Obesity

Question 3

Symptoms of vascular dementia

Answer 3

1. Executive dysfunction
2. Motor slowness
3. Loss of memory

Question 4

4 subtypes of Frontotemporal dementia

Answer 4

1. Behavioral (most common)
2. Semantic PPA
3. Non-fluent PPA
4. Logopenic PPA

Question 5

Behavioral variant of FTD symptoms

Answer 5

1. Change in personality and social behavior (social disinhibition, loss of decorum)
2. Specific cognitive impairments
3. Language impairment (not in early stage but later on)

Question 6

3 subtypes of BV-FTD

Answer 6

1. Disinhibition, distractibility and hyperactivity
2. Apathy, lack of initiative and behavioral withdrawal
3. Stereotypy and compulsive behavior

Question 7

Progressive non-fluent aphasia symptoms

Answer 7

1. Gradually deteriorating language production

2. Apathy, decreased motivation (later stages)

Question 8

Semantic dementia symptoms

Answer 8

1. Breakdown of semantic knowledge
2. Language comprehension deteriorates
3. Egocentric
4. Attached to routines

Question 9

Age of onset for FTD

Answer 9

Usually between 50 and 60

Question 10

Duration of FTD

Answer 10

Average of 8 years (range 2-20)

Question 11

Causes of FTD

Answer 11

Not a lot know but a genetic defect is involved and three proteins are involved in the development of FTD: tau, TDP-43, and FUS.
Mostly in the frontal and temporal cortex

Question 12

Treatment of FTD

Answer 12

Good counselling, no further treatments are available

Question 13

Economy of effort

Answer 13

Patients are easy to distract and make minimal effort with neuropsychological assessment

Question 14

Prevalence FTD

Answer 14

2 in 100.000

Question 15

Primary progressive aphasia types

Answer 15

1. Non-fluent agrammatic
2. Semantic
3. Logopenic

Question 16

Logopenic PPA symptoms

Answer 16

1. Loss of single word retrieval
2. Impaired repetition of phrases
3. Speech sound errors

Question 17

Lewy bodies dementia symptoms

Answer 17

1. Fluctuating cognition
2. Repeating visual hallucinations
3. Parkinsonism

Question 18

Wernicke-Korsakoff symptoms

Answer 18

Wernicke:
1. Double vision
2. Motor coordination problems
Korsakoff:
1. Deficits in learning new information
2. Memory retrieval deficits
3. Executive problems
4. Lack of insight