CHAPTER 22: VITAMIN DEFICIENCY

Question 1

causes of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

Answer 1

MC in alcoholic patients;
phototherapy for neonatal icterus, acute boric acid ingestion, hypothyroidism, and chlorproma- zine therapy

Question 2

Diffuse hyperpigmentation, glossitis, cheilitis, and megalo- blastic anemia,

associated with neural tube defects

Answer 2

FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY

Question 3

4 H’s characteristics:

• hemorrhagic signs,
• hyperkeratosis of the hair follicles
• hypochondriasis
• hematologic abnormalities.

Answer 3

scurvy

Question 4

results from a deficiency of nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3) or its precursor amino acid, tryptophan.

Malnutrition or other vitamin defi- ciencies, especially pyridoxine, which interfere with the con- version of tryptophan to niacin, often coexist.

Answer 4

NIACIN DEFICIENCY (PELLAGRA)

Question 5

3 D’s in pellagra

Answer 5

“three Ds”— diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis.

Question 6

characteristic findings of pellagra in which there is a photosensitive eruption on face, neck, upper chest, worsens in spring and summer

Answer 6

Casal necklace;

Question 7

occur in patients with a short gut or malabsorption, patients taking antibiotics or receiving paren- teral nutrition, Ingestion of avidin (found in raw egg white)

holocarboxylase defeciency

dx: detecting organic aminoaciduria of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid.

Answer 7

BIOTIN DEFICIENCY

Question 8

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of vitamin ____

Answer 8

Zinc deficiency

Question 9

A low level of serum ________________ , a zinc-dependent enzyme, may be a valuable adjunctive test in which the serum zinc level is normal or near-normal.

Answer 9

serum alkaline phosphatase

Question 10

combination of microcytic anemia, dysphagia, and glossitis, seen almost entirely in middle-age women.

an iron defiecient disease

Answer 10

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Question 11

dry skin, wrinkled, and loose because of marked loss of subcutaneous fat,

“monkey facies,” caused by loss of the buccal fat pad, is char- acteristic

no edema or dermatosis.

Answer 11

marasmus

Question 12

produces hair and skin changes, edema, impaired growth, and the characteristic potbelly.

hypopigmented, dry and lusterless hair
characteristic “flag sign”

Answer 12

Kwashiorkor