Chapter 22 The Digestive System

Question 0

When food and beverage in a digestive tract via the mouth

Answer 0

Ingestion

Question 1

The muscular tube through which food passes begins with the mouth and continues through the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestines which opens to the exterior anus

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal)

Question 2

Chewing, mixing of food with salvia, churning of food in the stomach

Answer 2

Mechanical processing

Question 3

The mechanical processing in the intestine is called?

Answer 3

Segmentation

Question 4

Movement of food through the Alimentary canal by swallowing and peristalsis

Answer 4

Propulsion

Question 5

The chemical and enzymatic breakdown of food into small organic molecules that can be absorbed

Answer 5

Chemical digestion

Question 6

Emission of water, enzymes, buffers, and acid into the lumen

Answer 6

Secretion

Question 7

Movement of small organic and products and other important molecules such as water, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals… From the lumen of the G.I. tract into the interstitial fluid’s,blood, or lymph

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

The progressive dehydration of indigestible materials and organic waste prior to elimination from the body

Answer 8

Compaction

Question 9

The elimination of feces via the anus

Answer 9

Defecation

Question 10

The inner most lining containing the mucous membrane of epithelial tissue supported by a basement membrane and thin layer of muscle tissue

Answer 10

Mucosa

Question 11

Epithelium Found in the oral cavity, pharynx, the upper portion of the esophagus, and rectum

Answer 11

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

Epithelium found within the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and most of the large intestine possess numerous goblet cells and mucus producing cells… For absorption of water and electrolytes, no villi no plicae circularis, no enzyme secreting cells

Answer 12

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 13

Composed of Areolar connective tissue, contains blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, scattered areas of lymphoid tissue (Peyer’s patches and MALT), and mucous glands

Answer 13

Lamina propria

Question 14

Two concentric layers of smooth muscle, the inner layer encircles the lumen (circular layer) and the outer layer runs parallel to the long axis of the G.I. tract (longitudinal layer)… Create the folds that project from the internal surface of the G.I. tract such as rugae, plicae circularis, and villi

Answer 14

Muscularis mucosae

Question 15

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the Mucosa… Contains large blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves and in some regions exocrine glands that secrete enzymes and buffers into the lumen of the G.I. tract

Answer 15

Submucosa

Question 16

Dominated by smooth muscle oriented into layers in inner circular layer and in outer longitudinal layer. These layers are essential in the mechanical processing of food and the propulsion of food through the digestive tract

Answer 16

Muscularis externa

Question 17

These cells are present in areas where peristalsis or rhythmic contraction is necessary

Answer 17

Pacesetter cells

Question 18

Along most portions of the organs in the peritoneal cavity the muscularis externa is covered by a layer of visceral peritoneum called? Hint… The outermost layer below the diaphragm

Answer 18

Serosa

Question 19

A dense network of collagen fibers form a sheath called? Anchor the organs to the surrounding tissues hint…above the diaphragm

Answer 19

Adventitia

Question 20

In the abdominal cavity the serosa often pulls away from the surface of the organs to create an important membrane such as the? Holes approximately 20 feet of intestines into a tight mass

Answer 20

Mesenteries

Question 21

Located in the fundus and body, secrete most of the stomach juices used for gastric digestion, and they are dominated by several types of cells… Chief, parietal, and G cells

Answer 21

Gastric glands

Question 22

Hormone, increase stomach motility and churning and stimulates the release of HCI from parietal cells

Answer 22

Gastrin

Question 23

Inhibits stomach motility and emptying

Answer 23

Somatostatin

Question 24

Secrete hydrochloric acid for activating the pepsinogen and intrinsic factor which is important in the absorption of vitamin B 12

Answer 24

Parietal cells

Question 25

Secrete the inactive enzyme pepsinogen, which when activated to form pepsin and can begin the process of protein digestion

Answer 25

Chief cells

Question 26

Materials arriving from the ileum through the ileocecal valve collects and stores material from the ileum and begins the process of compaction… Hint: expanded sac-like region

Answer 26

Cecum

Question 27

Synthesizes vitamin B5, biotin and most of the vitamin K that the liver requires to make blood clotting proteins, bacteria produce several compounds that contribute to the odor of feces including ammonia

Answer 27

Bacterial flora

Question 28

Liver cells that produced bile and process nutrients

Answer 28

Hepatocytes

Question 29

An important emulsifier (produced by the liver and stored and concentrated by the gallbladder until needed)

Answer 29

Bile