Chapter 22: Clients With Spinal Cord Injury, MS, Epilepsy, And Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
this results from noxious stimuli such as a destended bladder or bowel, constricting clothing and infections that cause heightened sympathetic NS activity resulting in sudden onset of hypertension
autonomic dysreflexia (AD)
higher HR, lower BP, improper temperature regulation and venous return are all exercise concerns for this special populations
SCI clients
Spinal cord injury
Persons with SCI, particularly those with high lesions are unable to do this in paralyzed areas, imparing the ability to dissipate metabolic heat and places them at increased risk for heat related injuires
increase bloodflow to the skin
The inabiltiy to increase blood flow to the skin also exposes SCI clients to an increased risk of this
cold-related injuries
the major pathophysiologic problems limiting the ability of a person with SCI to engage in and adapt to exercise training are the (2)
extensive skeletal muscle paralysis
sympathetic autonomic NS impairment
common mode for exercise testing for persons with SCI
arm crank ergometer
Forced vital capacity is reduced by this much in people with SCI
50%
This is suggested to train inspiratory muscles in quadraplegics
resistive inspiratory muscle training
exaggerated muscle tone and reflexes
spasticity
Clients with SCI are prone to this
Spinal cord injury
people with MS are prone to this, and many different methods can be utilized to correct it
heat intolerance
increasing muscle strength, muscle tone, equalize agonist-antagonist muscle strength, and reduce spasticity are all goals of training individuals with this condition
MS
Multiple sclerosis
during the first few months of aerobic training for an individual with MS progression should be achieved thorugh this
increasing training volume by increasing training time or adding another day
aerboic exercise goals for this population include improving cardiovascular function, reduce the risk for CVD, and reduce activity-induced fatigue
MS
Multiple sclerosis
Progression should occur at this rate compared to normal individuals in people with MS
50% the rate
This type of exercise in clinets with MS should be avoided
exercise to exhaustion
This is a warning sign that an exercise program is excessive
persistent fatigue lasting more than two days
T/F: in many persons with epilepsy, regular aerobic exercise may contribute to improved seizure control
T
This percent of individuals with epilepsy may experience a precipitant seizure due to vigorous exercise
10%
T/F: there are special exercise protocols for people with epilepsy
F, they can be trained such as normal individuals
inability to perform coordinated voluntary gross and fine motor skills
apraxia
uncoordinated voluntary movements: clients with this often have a wide based gait with genu recurvatum or hyperextended knee and may exhibit mild intention tremors
ataxia
slow, writhing, contortion like motions of the appendicular musculature
athetosis
state of excessive, spontaneous movements, irregularly timed, that are nonrepetitive and abrupt, client is unable to maintain voluntary muscle contractions
chorea
impairment of voluntary movement resulting in incomplete movements
dyskinesis
sustained muscle contractions that result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture
dystonia
shock like synchronous or asynchronous contractions of a portion of a muscle, and entire muscle, or group of muscles
myoclonus
a state of increased tonus of a muscle characterized by heightened deep tendon reflexes
spasticity
this is an irreversible condition and medical and rehapilitative therapy focuses on controlling spasticity and athetosis and improving function and neuromuscular coordination
cerebral palsy
These two things are preferred modalities for exercise testing in ambulatory persons with CP
leg ergometer and the arm+leg ergometer
Spinal cord injury between T1 and C1 segments of the spine result in
quadriplegia (tetraplegia)
Impairment in the ARMS, trunk, legs, and pelvic region
Spinal cord injury to segments between T2 and T12 causes impairments in the
Paraplegia
Trunk, legs, and pelvic organs
What is more relevant for the personal trainer (acute/chronic) clinical manifestations of Spinal cord injury
Chronic
Especially cardiovascular problems
Autonomic dysreflexia can be life threatening, thus the personal trainer should look for signs of…
High blood pressure or boosting
Voluntarily inducing autonomic dysreflexia during distance events to improve performance is known as…
Boosting
Most common exercise induced injuries among SCI clients occurs in the … (3)
Shoulders, wrists, and elbows
To prevent injuries to the shoulder, wrist, and elbow in clients with SCI the exercise program should…
Stretch the anterior shoulder muscles and strengthen the posterior shoulder muscles
In addition to higher heart rate and lower blood pressure,
these two concerns need to be addressed in clients with SCI
Temperature regulation
Venus return
SCI client with injuries above T6 likely have
Trouble with temperature regulation
Unable to thermoregulate through sweating or shivering
Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries have poor venous return, particularly in the __________ or ________ posture, for this reason they should be trained in the _________ posture.
Upright or seated
Supine
Persons with SCI are at risk for several metabolic disturbances (t/f)
T
The major pathophysiological problems limiting the ability of persons with SCI to engage in and adapt to exercise training are … (2)
Extensive skeletal muscle paralysis
Sympathetic autonomic nervous system impairment
Maximal exercise testing of clients with SCI should be administered only in medical settings. However trainers can perform ________ cardiorespiratory fitness testing.
Submaximal
Forced vital capacity (total volume of air forcefully exhaled) is reduced by ______ in persons with high tetraplegia
50%
Resistive inspiratory muscle training (RIMT) can improve pulmonary function in people with
Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
For clients with Spinal cord injuries avoid monitoring aerobic exercise intensity with heart rate monitors and instead use…
RPE
