Chapter 22: Clients With Spinal Cord Injury, MS, Epilepsy, And Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

this results from noxious stimuli such as a destended bladder or bowel, constricting clothing and infections that cause heightened sympathetic NS activity resulting in sudden onset of hypertension

Answer 1

autonomic dysreflexia (AD)

Question 2

higher HR, lower BP, improper temperature regulation and venous return are all exercise concerns for this special populations

Answer 2

SCI clients

Spinal cord injury

Question 3

Persons with SCI, particularly those with high lesions are unable to do this in paralyzed areas, imparing the ability to dissipate metabolic heat and places them at increased risk for heat related injuires

Answer 3

increase bloodflow to the skin

Question 4

The inabiltiy to increase blood flow to the skin also exposes SCI clients to an increased risk of this

Answer 4

cold-related injuries

Question 5

the major pathophysiologic problems limiting the ability of a person with SCI to engage in and adapt to exercise training are the (2)

Answer 5

extensive skeletal muscle paralysis

sympathetic autonomic NS impairment

Question 6

common mode for exercise testing for persons with SCI

Answer 6

arm crank ergometer

Question 7

Forced vital capacity is reduced by this much in people with SCI

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

This is suggested to train inspiratory muscles in quadraplegics

Answer 8

resistive inspiratory muscle training

Question 9

exaggerated muscle tone and reflexes

Answer 9

spasticity

Clients with SCI are prone to this

Spinal cord injury

Question 10

people with MS are prone to this, and many different methods can be utilized to correct it

Answer 10

heat intolerance

Question 11

increasing muscle strength, muscle tone, equalize agonist-antagonist muscle strength, and reduce spasticity are all goals of training individuals with this condition

Answer 11

MS

Multiple sclerosis

Question 12

during the first few months of aerobic training for an individual with MS progression should be achieved thorugh this

Answer 12

increasing training volume by increasing training time or adding another day

Question 13

aerboic exercise goals for this population include improving cardiovascular function, reduce the risk for CVD, and reduce activity-induced fatigue

Answer 13

MS

Multiple sclerosis

Question 14

Progression should occur at this rate compared to normal individuals in people with MS

Answer 14

50% the rate

Question 15

This type of exercise in clinets with MS should be avoided

Answer 15

exercise to exhaustion

Question 16

This is a warning sign that an exercise program is excessive

Answer 16

persistent fatigue lasting more than two days

Question 17

T/F: in many persons with epilepsy, regular aerobic exercise may contribute to improved seizure control

Answer 17

T

Question 18

This percent of individuals with epilepsy may experience a precipitant seizure due to vigorous exercise

Answer 18

10%

Question 19

T/F: there are special exercise protocols for people with epilepsy

Answer 19

F, they can be trained such as normal individuals

Question 20

inability to perform coordinated voluntary gross and fine motor skills

Answer 20

apraxia

Question 21

uncoordinated voluntary movements: clients with this often have a wide based gait with genu recurvatum or hyperextended knee and may exhibit mild intention tremors

Answer 21

ataxia

Question 22

slow, writhing, contortion like motions of the appendicular musculature

Answer 22

athetosis

Question 23

state of excessive, spontaneous movements, irregularly timed, that are nonrepetitive and abrupt, client is unable to maintain voluntary muscle contractions

Answer 23

chorea

Question 24

impairment of voluntary movement resulting in incomplete movements

Answer 24

dyskinesis

Question 25

sustained muscle contractions that result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture

Answer 25

dystonia

Question 26

shock like synchronous or asynchronous contractions of a portion of a muscle, and entire muscle, or group of muscles

Answer 26

myoclonus

Question 27

a state of increased tonus of a muscle characterized by heightened deep tendon reflexes

Answer 27

spasticity

Question 28

this is an irreversible condition and medical and rehapilitative therapy focuses on controlling spasticity and athetosis and improving function and neuromuscular coordination

Answer 28

cerebral palsy

Question 29

These two things are preferred modalities for exercise testing in ambulatory persons with CP

Answer 29

leg ergometer and the arm+leg ergometer

Question 30

Spinal cord injury between T1 and C1 segments of the spine result in

Answer 30

quadriplegia (tetraplegia) Impairment in the ARMS, trunk, legs, and pelvic region

Question 31

Spinal cord injury to segments between T2 and T12 causes impairments in the

Answer 31

Paraplegia Trunk, legs, and pelvic organs

Question 32

What is more relevant for the personal trainer (acute/chronic) clinical manifestations of Spinal cord injury

Answer 32

Chronic Especially cardiovascular problems

Question 33

Autonomic dysreflexia can be life threatening, thus the personal trainer should look for signs of...

Answer 33

High blood pressure or boosting

Question 34

Voluntarily inducing autonomic dysreflexia during distance events to improve performance is known as...

Answer 34

Boosting

Question 35

Most common exercise induced injuries among SCI clients occurs in the ... (3)

Answer 35

Shoulders, wrists, and elbows

Question 36

To prevent injuries to the shoulder, wrist, and elbow in clients with SCI the exercise program should...

Answer 36

Stretch the anterior shoulder muscles and strengthen the posterior shoulder muscles

Question 37

In addition to higher heart rate and lower blood pressure, | these two concerns need to be addressed in clients with SCI

Answer 37

Temperature regulation | Venus return

Question 38

SCI client with injuries above T6 likely have

Answer 38

Trouble with temperature regulation Unable to thermoregulate through sweating or shivering

Question 39

Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries have poor venous return, particularly in the __________ or ________ posture, for this reason they should be trained in the _________ posture.

Answer 39

Upright or seated Supine

Question 40

Persons with SCI are at risk for several metabolic disturbances (t/f)

Answer 40

T

Question 41

The major pathophysiological problems limiting the ability of persons with SCI to engage in and adapt to exercise training are ... (2)

Answer 41

Extensive skeletal muscle paralysis Sympathetic autonomic nervous system impairment

Question 42

Maximal exercise testing of clients with SCI should be administered only in medical settings. However trainers can perform ________ cardiorespiratory fitness testing.

Answer 42

Submaximal

Question 43

Forced vital capacity (total volume of air forcefully exhaled) is reduced by ______ in persons with high tetraplegia

Answer 43

50%

Question 44

Resistive inspiratory muscle training (RIMT) can improve pulmonary function in people with

Answer 44

Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)

Question 45

For clients with Spinal cord injuries avoid monitoring aerobic exercise intensity with heart rate monitors and instead use...

Answer 45

RPE