ch.10 Fitnes Assessm Selecti And Administr Flashcards
gathering baseline data, and using that information to act as a basis for developing goals and effective exercise programs
purpose of assessments
using the data collected to assist the personal trainer is important for these 2 reasons
identifying potential areas of injury
setting starting points for recommended intensities and volumes based on goals
This will likely produce lower maximal VO2 than a treadmill test due to local muscle fatigue in average or deconditioned clients
cycle ergometer tests
This type of test is useful in overweight clients or those with lower limb joint issues, and is independent of body weight
cycle ergometer
in order for the personal trainer to conduct meaningful assessments this must occur
appropriate tests must be chosen
two ways to look at assessments
formative or summative evaluations
these types of evaluations include assessment with a specified test protocol
formative
A summary of what was achieved during the training periord.
these types of evaluations are made during interaction with the client?
summative
This types of evaluations offer the personal trainer opportunities to formulate or plan a program given the client feedback
formative
these types of evaluations take place before a program begins and periodically throughout the training period
formative
T/F: every observation of the client provides the trainer with considerations for designing, implementing, and modifying the clients program
T
these types of evaluations might include noticing posture, gait, exercise technique, response to cardiovascular exercise, ect
subjective
These types of evaluations provide immediate opportunities for the PT to focus on educating, motivating, and modifying activities for the client
subjective
These types of evaluations are final evaluations made when a client completes a specified training period, class, or season
summative
These types of evaluations represent the sum total of what has been accomplished in a given period
summative
measure of repeatability or consistancy of a test or observation
reliability
This is a common method of determing reliability of a test, and is when a test is repeated with the same individual or group within one to three days, and sometimes up to one week later if the test is particularly strenuous
test-retest method
the person conducting the test must be consistent in his or her administration of it
intra-rater reliability
reliability of a test between two or more testers
inter-rater reliability
A test is _______ rather than _______ if one or more testers consistently get the same results
objective rather than subjective
this indicates that a test measures what it is suppose to measure
validity
this indicates how well the test matches the objectives of testing
relevance
this means that the test appears to test what it is suppose to test
face validity
this means that an expert has determined that a test covers all topics or abilities that it should
content validity
a theoretical concept meaning that a test is able to differentiate between performance abilites
construct validity
this allows the personal trainer to use tests in the field or in the fitness center, instead of tests that can be performed only in a laboratory setting or with expensive equipment, because laboratory test results and field test results have BEEN STATISTICALLY COMPARED WITH EACHOTHER
criterion-related validity
hydrostatic weighing is this type of measure
indirect
autopsy is this type of measure
direct
SKNFLD, BIA, NIR, and anthropometric measures are this type of measure
doubly indirect (based off comparisons to an indirect method)
this is the difference between a person’s observed score, and a theoretically errorless score
standard error of measurement
Key client factors to consider in selecting tests 5
health status functional capacity age sex pretraining status
temperatures between 65-72 F and 65.1 and 72% humidity do this
increase the risk of exertional heatstroke
Exposure to cold temperatures less than 25F have this effect
no effect on young apparently healthy individuals
older people may have cardiovascular, and respiratory problems
ideal room temp, humidity, and air circulation for a testing room
between 68-72F
less than 60% humidity
6-8 air changes/hour
These 2 are the most important required assessments for initiating and designing an exercise program
client CVD risk
potential contraindications for specific actvities due to known musculoskeletal limitations or disease
these types of tests use indirect measurements to quantify and extrapolate performance results, and are usually conducted by a certified personal trainer
field tests
Place the following tests of general fitness in the best order: nonfatiguing tests, local muscular endurance tests, muscular strength tests, resting tests, submaximal aerobic capacity tests
resting tests nonfatiguine tests muscular strength tests local muscular endurance tests submaximal aerobic capacity tests
place the following tests of athletic performance in the best order: anaerobic capacity tests, sprint tests, agility tests, resting tests, nonfatiguing tests, maximum power/strength tests, local muscular endurance tests, maximal/submaximal aerobic capacity tests
resting tests nonfatiguing tests agility tests maximum power/strength tests sprint tests local muscular endurance tests anaerobic capacity tests maximal or submaximal aerobic capacity tests
How long should the rest period be before conducting a maximum aerobic test if it cannot be done on a separate day
1 hour from conclusion of other testing
in regards to test protocols these have a direct impact on the reliability and objectivity of a test
clarity and simplicity of instructions of a test
two reference perspectives for comparison of data
norm-referenced standards
criterion-referenced standards
these are standards which are used to compare the performance of an individuals against the performance of others in the same category
norm-referenced standards
percentile scores are examples of
norm-referenced standards
the lowest performance that would allow an individual to maintain good health and lessen the risk of chronic disease
health standard (criterion-reference standards)
These standards are set against a combination of normative data and the best judgement of the expers in a given field to identify a specific level of achievement
criterion-reference standards
These provide reasonable goals for most people to achieve for improved health
criterion-reference standards
T/F: one must score near the top of a norm-referenced standard to be considered healthy
F
In the absence of criterion-referenced data the best way to use normative tables is to do this
encourage clients with goals of striving for fitness improvements until they reach the average or higher levels for a given component
This should be scheduled just after the post-testing is complete to discuss the client’s degree of achievement, review of strenghts and weaknesses of the initial program, set new goals, and modify the program where appropriate
summative evaluation
these are measures of progress toward a goal
formative evaluations
these are measures of the degree of attainment of a stated goal
summative evaluations
T/F: For most individuals it is more important to compare test results to themselves rather than to the skills or fitness levels of others
T
A formal assessment with a specified test protocol, as well as the subjective observations the personal trainer makes during each interaction with the client.
Take place before a program begins and periodically throughout the training period to offer the PT opportunities to formulate a program, give the client feedback, and make modifications to the program.
formative evaluation
Final Evaluations made when a client competes a specified training period, class, or season.
Represents the sum total of what has been accomplished in a given period.
The same assessments are used at the beginning, middle, and end of an exercise program.
Summative Evaluations
