Chapter 22 Antihypertensive Drugs

Question 1

Alpha1 blockers

Answer 1

Drugs that primarily cause arterial and venous dilation through their action on peripheral sympathetic neurons.

Question 2

Antihypertensive Drugs

Answer 2

Medications used to treat hypertension.

Question 3

Cardiac Output

Answer 3

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle. `

Question 4

Centrally acting adrenergic drugs

Answer 4

drugs that modify the function of the sympathetic nervous system in the brain by stimulating alpha2 receptors. Alpha 2 receptors are inhibitory in nature and have a reverse sympathetic effect and cause decreased blood pressure.

Question 5

Essential hypertension

Answer 5

Elevated systemic arterial pressure for which no cause can be found; also called primary or idiopathic hypertension

Question 6

Hypertension

Answer 6

A common, often asymptomatic disorder in which systolic blood pressure persistently exceeds 150mm Hg and/or diastolic pressure exceeds 90mm Hg in patients over 60 years of age and 140/90 for patients younger than 60 and those who have chronic kidney disease or diabetes.

Question 7

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 7

A common adverse effect of adrenergic blocking drugs involving a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person changes position, especially when rising from a seated or horizontal position.

Question 8

Prodrug

Answer 8

A drug that is inactive in its given form and must be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally by the liver, to be effective.

Question 9

Secondary hypertension

Answer 9

High blood pressure caused by another disease such as renal, pulmonary, endocrine, or vascular disease.

Question 10

How is blood pressure determined?

Answer 10

Blood pressure is determined by the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

Question 11

True or False: cardiac output is ejected from the left ventricle?

Answer 11

Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle and is measured in liters per minute

Question 12

True or False: Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) is the resistance of plasma?

Answer 12

False, SVR is the resistance to blood flow that is determined by the diameter of the blood vessel and the vascular musculature.

Question 13

What are the seven main categories of pharmacologic drugs used to treat hypertension?

Answer 13

Diuretics, adrenergic drugs, vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), and direct renin inhibitors.

Question 14

True or False: All of the antihypertensive drugs are vasodilatory action?

Answer 14

Slightly true, the majority of them do with the exception of diuretics

Question 15

What is another name for drugs that are under the vasodilator category?

Answer 15

Direct vasodilators.