Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Chapter 21 Cholinergic-Blocking Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Cholinergic-Blocking Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cholinergic Blocking Drugs

A

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine and substances similar to acetylcholine at receptor sites in the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilation of the pupil of the eye, caused by contraction of the dilator muscle of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parasympatholytics

A

Drugs that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system; also called anticholinergics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False: the parasympathetic nervous system is the same as the sympathetic nervous system?

A

False, The parasympathetic nervous system is the branch of the autonomic nervous system with nerve functions opposite those of the sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a cholinergic receptor do?

A

A cholinergic receptor is one that binds acetylcholine and mediates its actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different names for anticholinergics?

A

Cholinergic blockers, anticholinergics, parasympatholytics, and antimuscarinic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do parasympatholytics do?

A

They are a class of drugs that block or inhibit the actions of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Cholinergic blocking drugs do?

A

Cholinergic blocking drugs block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors in the PNS. Acetylcholine that is released from a stimulated nerve fiber is then unable to bind to the receptor site and fails to produce a cholinergic effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does anticholinergics allow for?

A

Anticholinergics have many of the same effects as the adrenergics. Blocking the parasympathetic nerves allows the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system to dominate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: cholinergic blockers are competitive antagonists?

A

True, they compete with acetylcholine for binding at the muscarinic receptors of the PNS. Once they have bound to the receptor, they inhibit cholinergic nerve transmission. This occurs at the neuroeffector junction, or the point where the nerve ending reaches the effector organ such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Cholinergic blockers have partial effects at low dosages?

A

False, cholinergic blockers have little effect at the nicotinic receptors, although at high doses they have partial blocking effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the major sites of action of the anticholinergics ?

A

The heart, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, eye, and exocrine glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: Anticholinergic effects decrease heart rate

A

False, Anticholinergic effects on the cardiovascular system are seen as an increase in heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True of False: cholinergic blockers cause mydriasis?

A

Cholinergic blockers keep the sphincter muscle of the iris from contracting, which results in dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and paralysis of the ocular lens (cycloplegia).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True of False: Anticholinergics are indicated for Parkinson’s?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Small doses= decrease heart rate

Large doses= increase heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of the central nervous system?

A

Small doses: decrease muscle rigidity and tremors. Large doses: causes drowsiness, disorientation, hallucinations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of the eye?

A

Dilate pupils (mydriasis), decrease accommodation by paralyzing ciliary muscles (cycloplegia)

19
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of the gastrointestinal body system?

A

Relaxed smooth muscle tone of gastrointestinal tract, decrease intestinal and gastric secretions, decrease motility and peristalsis.

20
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of genitourinary body system?

A

Relax detrusor muscle of bladder, increase constriction of internal sphincter, these two effects may result in urinary retention.

21
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of glandular body system?

A

decrease bronchial secretions, salivation, and sweating.

22
Q

What are the cholinergic blocking effects of the respiratory system?

A

Decrease bronchial secretions, dilate bronchial airways.

23
Q

What are some contraindications to the use of anticholinergic drugs?

A 
Drug allergy
angle closure glaucoma
acute asthma
respiratory distress
myasthenia graves
acute cardiovascular instability 
GI or GU tract obstruction
24
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the cardiovascular body system?

A

Increased heart rate
dysrhymias
tachycardia,
palpitations

25
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the eye?

A 
dilated pupils (causing blurred vision)
increased intraocular pressure
26
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the central nervous system?

A 
Excitation, 
restlessness, 
irritability,
disorientation,
hallucinations,
delirium,
ataxia,
drowsiness, 
sedation, 
confusion
27
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the gastrointestinal system?

A

decreased salivation
gastric secretions
motility (causing constipation)

28
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the genitourinary system?

A

Urinary retention

29
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the glandular system?

A

Decreased sweating

30
Q

What are Cholinergic blockers adverse effects for the respiratory system?

A

Decreased bronchial secretions

31
Q

What is the treatment for cholinergic blocker overdose?

A

symptomatic and supportive therapy.

The patient should be hospitalized with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Activated charcoal is effective in removing from the GI tract and any drug that has yet to been absorbed.

32
Q

What are drug interactions most commonly reported with additive anticholinergic effects?

A

Amantadine, antihistamines, antidepressants, and digoxin

33
Q

True or False: Atropine is naturally occurring antimuscarinic?

A

True

34
Q

What is atropine contraindicated in?

A

Atropine is contraindicated in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, and it should be used with caution in patients with advanced hepatic and renal dysfunction, hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis, intestinal atony, obstructive GI or GU conditions, and severe ulcerative colitis.

35
Q

What is Atropine used for?

A

Treat increased heart rate, bradycardia, and ventricular asystole, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

it is more potent than scopolamine in its cholinergic-blocking effects on the heart and in its effects on the smooth muscles of the bronchi and intestines

antidote for anti-cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity or poisoning.

36
Q

What is Dicyclomine (Bentyle) used for?

A

Dicyclomine is a synthetic antispasmodic cholinergic blocker used primarily in the treatment of functional disturbances of GI motility such as irritable bowl syndrome.

37
Q

What is the contraindicated for dicyclomine?

A 
hypersensitivity to anticholinergics
angle-closure glaucome
GI tract obstruction
myasthenia graves
paralytic ileus
GI atony,
toxic megacolon
38
Q

What is Glycopyrrolate used for?

A

Glycopyrrolate (robinul) is used as a synthetic antimuscarinic drug that blocks receptor sites in the autonomic nervous system that control the production of secretions.

it is used preoperatively to reduce salivation and excessive secretions I the respiratory and GI tracts.

39
Q

What is Glycopyrrolate contraindicated with?

A 
patients who are hypersensitive to it
angle-closure glaucoma,
myasthenia graves,
GI or GU tract obstruction, 
tachycardia,
myocardial ischemia,
hepatic disease,
ulcerative colitis,
toxic megacolon
40
Q

What is Oxybutynin (Ditropan) used for?

A

Oxybutynin is a synthetic antimuscarinic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB).

It is also used as an antispasmodic for neurogenic bladder assoaciated with spinal cord injuries and congenital conditions such as spina bifida.

41
Q

What are the contraindications for oxybutynin?

A

Drug allergy
urinary or gastric retention
uncontrolled angle closure glaucoma

42
Q

What is scopolamine used for?

A

prevention of motion sickness.

43
Q

What is tolterodine used for?

A

Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor blocker used for the treatment of urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontience caused by bladder (detrusor) overactivity.

44
Q

Tolterodine should be avoided with patients who have?

A

angle-closure glaucome,

urinary retention

Pharm (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions