Chapter 22

Question 1

Four theories of learning. First two are behavioural theories and the latter two are cognitive theories.

Answer 1

Reinforcement theory - we learn by looking for ways to gain rewards and avoid punishment

Information theory - we learn by getting feedback and using it to change our behaviour (c.f. a thermostat)

Cognitive and problem solving approaches - again the key here is information, which needs to be perceived, interpreted, given meaning and then used in future decision making.

Experiential learning theory (Klob) - learning involves a cycle with four stages

• Experimentation
• Experience
• Reflective observation
• Abstract concepts and generalisation

Question 2

Honey and Mumford four learning styles

Answer 2

Theorist - the learner who likes to understand underlying concepts and theory first

Activist - the learner who likes to ‘have a go’ first

Reflector - the learner who likes to watch what is happening and think about it first

Pragmatist - the learner who needs to see how the topic of study will help them do what they want to do

For effective learning there must be harmonisation between learning methods and styles

Question 3

Management’s role in a learning organisation is to encourage

Answer 3

Continuous learning

Acquisition of new knowledge and skills

These need to be transformed into
Behaviour
Products
Processes

Question 4

Hamblin’s levels of evaluation are

Answer 4

Trainee reaction 
The new skills and knowledge acquired
Job behaviour 
Organisational function 
Ultimate value