Chapter 22

Question 1

Autotrophic bacteria

Answer 1

• self-nourishing
• capable of growing without organic compounds
• are able to get nutrition from the carbon in carbon dioxide
• produce about 20% of the earth’s oxygen and are capable of converting inorganic carbon dioxide into the nutrients that they need for photosynthesis.
• do not cause disease in humans
• participate in the decomposition of human remains

Question 2

Cyanobacteria

Answer 2

one of the largest groups of autotrophic bacteria. They appear as blue-green algae but are NOT algae. Is the reason for the red color in the Red Sea.

Question 3

Heterotrophic bacteria

Answer 3

• require complex organic food from a carbon source to grow and develop
• cause many diseases in humans
• some are able to survive on a variety of organic compounds
• not all heterotrophic bacteria are harmful…they are essential to the process of fermentation, producing wine, bread, cheese, beer…

Question 4

Strict (obligate) Saprophytes

Answer 4

only survive on dead or decaying organic matter

Question 5

Strict (obligate) Parasites

Answer 5

completely dependent on their living host for survival

Question 6

Facultative Bacteria

Answer 6

can adapt to different sources of nutrients and oxygen levels

Question 7

Obligate Aerobes

Answer 7

microorganisms that can only survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 8

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 8

microorganism that can only survive in an environment with NO oxygen

Question 9

Microaerophilic

Answer 9

microorganisms that require little oxygen (2-10%)

Question 10

Aerotolerant

Answer 10

microorganisms can survive with or without oxygen
they do not gain anything from oxygen
EX: strep throat, scarlet fever

Question 11

Psychrophiles

Answer 11

bacteria that prefer cold

between 32F and 77F

Question 12

Mesophiles

Answer 12

bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures

between 77F and 104F

Question 13

Thermophiles

Answer 13

bacteria that like high temperatures

between 104F and 158F

Question 14

Agonal fever

Answer 14

when the deceased had a fever before death

Question 15

Agonal algor

Answer 15

when the deceased’s body temperature was cool before death

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions present

pH scale ranges from 0(extremely acidic)-14 (extremely alkaline or basic)

Question 17

Neutral pH

Answer 17

7

Question 18

Osmotic pressure

Answer 18

the pressure required to prevent the net flow of water across the semipermeable membrane

Question 19

Symbiosis

Answer 19

the arrangement when two or more different species of organisms live together in close association
symbolic relationships are distinguished by the degree to which the host organism is harmed

Question 20

Mutualism

Answer 20

the two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each other

Question 21

Commensalism

Answer 21

when one organism gains some benefit (protection, nourishment) and the host is NOT harmed

Question 22

Parasitism

Answer 22

the host is harmed while the parasite receives some benefit

Question 23

Synergism

Answer 23

when a unique effect occurs from a symbiotic relationship it is referred to as a synergistic effect.
Synergism occurs when the harmonious action of two microorganisms produces an effect that neither could produce on their own

Question 24

Antagonism

Answer 24

when the growth and existence of one microorganism is damaged or destroyed by another microorganism