Chapter 22 Flashcards
Autotrophic bacteria
- self-nourishing
- capable of growing without organic compounds
- are able to get nutrition from the carbon in carbon dioxide
- produce about 20% of the earth’s oxygen and are capable of converting inorganic carbon dioxide into the nutrients that they need for photosynthesis.
- do not cause disease in humans
- participate in the decomposition of human remains
Cyanobacteria
one of the largest groups of autotrophic bacteria. They appear as blue-green algae but are NOT algae. Is the reason for the red color in the Red Sea.
Heterotrophic bacteria
- require complex organic food from a carbon source to grow and develop
- cause many diseases in humans
- some are able to survive on a variety of organic compounds
- not all heterotrophic bacteria are harmful…they are essential to the process of fermentation, producing wine, bread, cheese, beer…
Strict (obligate) Saprophytes
only survive on dead or decaying organic matter
Strict (obligate) Parasites
completely dependent on their living host for survival
Facultative Bacteria
can adapt to different sources of nutrients and oxygen levels
Obligate Aerobes
microorganisms that can only survive in the presence of oxygen
Obligate Anaerobes
microorganism that can only survive in an environment with NO oxygen
Microaerophilic
microorganisms that require little oxygen (2-10%)
Aerotolerant
microorganisms can survive with or without oxygen
they do not gain anything from oxygen
EX: strep throat, scarlet fever
Psychrophiles
bacteria that prefer cold
between 32F and 77F
Mesophiles
bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures
between 77F and 104F
Thermophiles
bacteria that like high temperatures
between 104F and 158F
Agonal fever
when the deceased had a fever before death
Agonal algor
when the deceased’s body temperature was cool before death
pH
refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions present
pH scale ranges from 0(extremely acidic)-14 (extremely alkaline or basic)
Neutral pH
7
Osmotic pressure
the pressure required to prevent the net flow of water across the semipermeable membrane
Symbiosis
the arrangement when two or more different species of organisms live together in close association
symbolic relationships are distinguished by the degree to which the host organism is harmed
Mutualism
the two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each other
Commensalism
when one organism gains some benefit (protection, nourishment) and the host is NOT harmed
Parasitism
the host is harmed while the parasite receives some benefit
Synergism
when a unique effect occurs from a symbiotic relationship it is referred to as a synergistic effect.
Synergism occurs when the harmonious action of two microorganisms produces an effect that neither could produce on their own
Antagonism
when the growth and existence of one microorganism is damaged or destroyed by another microorganism
