Chapter 20 Flashcards
Spontaneous generation
theory that life forms could spontaneously appear from non-living matter.
Francesco Redi
Challenged the theory of spontaneous generation by using meat to to prove that maggots did not appear from the meat itself.
Theory of biogenesis
The modern medical community uses Rudolph Virchow’s “theory of biogenesis” that states “no life-form can spontaneously appear.”
Edward Jenner
Known for his vaccination for smallpox
Robert Hooke
Scientist that reported the smallest structural forms of life were cells, (AKA: small boxes) He observed the cells using a compound microscope.
Joseph Lister
Applied the germ theory of disease to the treatment of his patients. He recognized that carbolic acid, (AKA; phenol) killed microorganisms.
Robert Koch
Established the causation of disease by microorganisms
Paul Ehrlich
Established the principals of modern chemotherapy and is credited with the discovery of treatment for syphilis.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Credited with the discovery of microorganisms. In 1673 he saw red blood cells for the first time through a microscope
Eukaryotic Cells
- Has a nuclei and cytoskeleton
- Human cells are Eukaryotic
- The cytoskeleton comprises a variety of proteins, provides the shape and supports the membrane bound organelles.
- The nuclei contains the genetic info.
Eukaryotic Cells VS Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, Prokaryotes do not.
What are the 5 kingdoms used to classify biological forms?
Monera (Prokaryotae), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What are the division of microbiology?
- Bacteriology
- Richkettsiology
- Virology
- Protozoology
- Mycology
Bacteriology
the study of bacteria
Rickettsiology
the study of rickettsia
Virology
the study of viruses
Protozoology
the study of protozoa
Mycology
the study of fungi
Bacteria
Prokaryotic, one-celled microorganisms belonging to the Monera kingdom. They exist as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission
Mycoplasmas
The smallest and simplest self-replicating bacterium, between the size of viruses and bacteria. They have no cell wall and are the smallest free-living organism currently known.
Rickettsias
Genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative, intracellular parasitic bacteria. May change shapes. Can only reproduce in a host cell.
Example: lice, fleas, ticks, mites
Chlamydia
A group of nonmotile, gram-negative, intracellular parasites that cause disease in humans. Reproduces in the cytoplasm of the host cell.
Fungi
A group of filamentous unicellular and multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll and usually bare spores.
Example; yeast and molds
Virus
The smallest category of disease-causing microorganisms. Intracellular, infectious parasite, capable of living and replicating only in living cells. They lack ATP so they depend on host cells for survival. Some are sensitive to disinfectants.
Viroid
Similar to a virus but only contains RNA and they do not have a protein coat. Majority of diseases caused by viroids occur in plants.
Prions
Small proteinaceous, infectious particles that are resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids. They do not contain DNA or RNA. Prions consist of entirely proteins that are produced by human genes
