Chapter 20

Question 1

Spontaneous generation

Answer 1

theory that life forms could spontaneously appear from non-living matter.

Question 2

Francesco Redi

Answer 2

Challenged the theory of spontaneous generation by using meat to to prove that maggots did not appear from the meat itself.

Question 3

Theory of biogenesis

Answer 3

The modern medical community uses Rudolph Virchow’s “theory of biogenesis” that states “no life-form can spontaneously appear.”

Question 4

Edward Jenner

Answer 4

Known for his vaccination for smallpox

Question 5

Robert Hooke

Answer 5

Scientist that reported the smallest structural forms of life were cells, (AKA: small boxes) He observed the cells using a compound microscope.

Question 6

Joseph Lister

Answer 6

Applied the germ theory of disease to the treatment of his patients. He recognized that carbolic acid, (AKA; phenol) killed microorganisms.

Question 7

Robert Koch

Answer 7

Established the causation of disease by microorganisms

Question 8

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 8

Established the principals of modern chemotherapy and is credited with the discovery of treatment for syphilis.

Question 9

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 9

Credited with the discovery of microorganisms. In 1673 he saw red blood cells for the first time through a microscope

Question 10

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 10

• Has a nuclei and cytoskeleton
• Human cells are Eukaryotic
• The cytoskeleton comprises a variety of proteins, provides the shape and supports the membrane bound organelles.
• The nuclei contains the genetic info.

Question 11

Eukaryotic Cells VS Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 11

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, Prokaryotes do not.

Question 12

What are the 5 kingdoms used to classify biological forms?

Answer 12

Monera (Prokaryotae), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Question 13

What are the division of microbiology?

Answer 13

1. Bacteriology
2. Richkettsiology
3. Virology
4. Protozoology
5. Mycology

Question 14

Bacteriology

Answer 14

the study of bacteria

Question 15

Rickettsiology

Answer 15

the study of rickettsia

Question 16

Virology

Answer 16

the study of viruses

Question 17

Protozoology

Answer 17

the study of protozoa

Question 18

Mycology

Answer 18

the study of fungi

Question 19

Bacteria

Answer 19

Prokaryotic, one-celled microorganisms belonging to the Monera kingdom. They exist as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission

Question 20

Mycoplasmas

Answer 20

The smallest and simplest self-replicating bacterium, between the size of viruses and bacteria. They have no cell wall and are the smallest free-living organism currently known.

Question 21

Rickettsias

Answer 21

Genus of rod-shaped, gram-negative, intracellular parasitic bacteria. May change shapes. Can only reproduce in a host cell.
Example: lice, fleas, ticks, mites

Question 22

Chlamydia

Answer 22

A group of nonmotile, gram-negative, intracellular parasites that cause disease in humans. Reproduces in the cytoplasm of the host cell.

Question 23

Fungi

Answer 23

A group of filamentous unicellular and multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll and usually bare spores.
Example; yeast and molds

Question 24

Virus

Answer 24

The smallest category of disease-causing microorganisms. Intracellular, infectious parasite, capable of living and replicating only in living cells. They lack ATP so they depend on host cells for survival. Some are sensitive to disinfectants.

Question 25

Viroid

Answer 25

Similar to a virus but only contains RNA and they do not have a protein coat. Majority of diseases caused by viroids occur in plants.

Question 26

Prions

Answer 26

Small proteinaceous, infectious particles that are resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids. They do not contain DNA or RNA. Prions consist of entirely proteins that are produced by human genes