Chapter 21

Question 1

Binary Fission

Answer 1

AKA; Simple transverse fission. A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria.

Question 2

Morphology

Answer 2

Refers to the size, shape, and arrangements of bacteria

Question 3

Coccus

Answer 3

Spherical shape (round balls)

Question 4

Diplococci

Answer 4

Spheres arranged in pairs

Question 5

Streptococci

Answer 5

Spheres arranged in chains

Question 6

Staphylococci

Answer 6

Spheres shaped like a cluster of grapes

Question 7

Baccillus

Answer 7

Rod shape (cylinders)

Question 8

Diplobacilli

Answer 8

Rods arranged in pairs

Question 9

Streptobacilli

Answer 9

Rods arranged in chains

Question 10

Spirilla

Answer 10

Spiral or helical-shaped

Question 11

Vibrios

Answer 11

Curved rods

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

Primary purpose is to prevent bacteria from rupturing when the inside osmotic pressure differs greatly from the outsides osmotic pressure. Most eukaryotic cells do not contain a cell wall.

Question 13

Cell membrane AKA plasma membrane

Answer 13

Lies on the inside of the cell wall. Composed of some proteins but mostly fats. It is semi-permeable.

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

In eukaryotic cells cytoplasm refers to the functional organelles inside the cell
In prokaryotic cells the cytoplasm does not have functioning organelles, but they do have an internal matrix of material inside the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm is 80% water.

Question 15

Glycocalyx

Answer 15

The sticky, gelatinous coating that prokaryotic cells secrete

Question 16

Capsule

Answer 16

When the glycocalyx is is organized and firmly attached to the outside of the cell wall. Allows bacteria to survive through adverse circumstances.

Question 17

Slime Layer

Answer 17

When the glycocalyx is unorganized and loosely attached to the outside of the cell wall.

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

Long, whiplike, filament-containing appendages that propel bacteria. When a cell has flagella they are considered “flagellated.”

Question 19

Monotrichous

Answer 19

Bacteria with one flagellum

Question 20

Amphitrichous

Answer 20

Bacteria that has one flagellum at either end of its cell

Question 21

Lophotrichous

Answer 21

Bacteria that has two or more flagella on either end of its cell

Question 22

Peritrichous

Answer 22

Bacteria that has flagella all over the entire cell

Question 23

Fimbriae

Answer 23

Allows bacteria to attach to surfaces

Question 24

Pilli

Answer 24

Allow bacteria to transfer DNA and attach to surfaces

Question 25

Endospore

Answer 25

A thick walled cell produced by evolution of a cell so that it can survive in unfavorable environmental conditions.
Destroyed during sterilization.

Question 26

Fluid Suspensions

Answer 26

When you want to observe the structures of microorganisms while they are still alive

Question 27

Smearing

Answer 27

To observe the morphology of microorganisms

Question 28

Staining

Answer 28

Used to observe DNA or RNA in a cell, the common dye used for this is methylene blue.

Question 29

Gram-positive

Answer 29

Have cell walls and are made of few lipids.
More permeable to basic dyes
More complex nutritional requirements
More resistant to physical treatment
Killed easily by penicillin

Question 30

Gram-negitive

Answer 30

Have a high concentration of lipids in the cell wall

Less permeable to basic dyes