Chapter 21 Flashcards
Binary Fission
AKA; Simple transverse fission. A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria.
Morphology
Refers to the size, shape, and arrangements of bacteria
Coccus
Spherical shape (round balls)
Diplococci
Spheres arranged in pairs
Streptococci
Spheres arranged in chains
Staphylococci
Spheres shaped like a cluster of grapes
Baccillus
Rod shape (cylinders)
Diplobacilli
Rods arranged in pairs
Streptobacilli
Rods arranged in chains
Spirilla
Spiral or helical-shaped
Vibrios
Curved rods
Cell wall
Primary purpose is to prevent bacteria from rupturing when the inside osmotic pressure differs greatly from the outsides osmotic pressure. Most eukaryotic cells do not contain a cell wall.
Cell membrane AKA plasma membrane
Lies on the inside of the cell wall. Composed of some proteins but mostly fats. It is semi-permeable.
Cytoplasm
In eukaryotic cells cytoplasm refers to the functional organelles inside the cell
In prokaryotic cells the cytoplasm does not have functioning organelles, but they do have an internal matrix of material inside the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm is 80% water.
Glycocalyx
The sticky, gelatinous coating that prokaryotic cells secrete
Capsule
When the glycocalyx is is organized and firmly attached to the outside of the cell wall. Allows bacteria to survive through adverse circumstances.
Slime Layer
When the glycocalyx is unorganized and loosely attached to the outside of the cell wall.
Flagella
Long, whiplike, filament-containing appendages that propel bacteria. When a cell has flagella they are considered “flagellated.”
Monotrichous
Bacteria with one flagellum
Amphitrichous
Bacteria that has one flagellum at either end of its cell
Lophotrichous
Bacteria that has two or more flagella on either end of its cell
Peritrichous
Bacteria that has flagella all over the entire cell
Fimbriae
Allows bacteria to attach to surfaces
Pilli
Allow bacteria to transfer DNA and attach to surfaces
Endospore
A thick walled cell produced by evolution of a cell so that it can survive in unfavorable environmental conditions.
Destroyed during sterilization.
Fluid Suspensions
When you want to observe the structures of microorganisms while they are still alive
Smearing
To observe the morphology of microorganisms
Staining
Used to observe DNA or RNA in a cell, the common dye used for this is methylene blue.
Gram-positive
Have cell walls and are made of few lipids. More permeable to basic dyes More complex nutritional requirements More resistant to physical treatment Killed easily by penicillin
Gram-negitive
Have a high concentration of lipids in the cell wall
Less permeable to basic dyes
