Chapter 22 Flashcards
Muscles account for ___-____% of body weight
40-50
Flexion
Bending a limb at a joint
Extension
Straightening a limb at the joint
Abduction
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
Pronation
Turning the forearm so the palm is facing down
Supination
Turning the forearm so the palm is facing up
Circumduction
Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Inversion
Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Eversion
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Rotation
Moving the head around a central axis
Protraction
Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Elevation
Raising a body part
Depression
Lowering a body part
Any trauma or infection of the growth plates (growth plates aka epiphysis) in infants and children cause what
The growing child to be at risk for nine deformity
Lin infants and children, muscle and fat are significant in?
Weight increase
Muscles vary in size and strength in different people because of?
Genetic programming, nutrition, and exercise
All muscles through life either___ with use or ____ with disuse
Increase/atrophy
What causes increased mobility in joints of pregnant women?
The increased levels of circulating hormones (estrogen, relaxin from the corpus luteum, and corticosteroids)
Functions of the musculoskeletal system (5)
For support to stand erect
Movement
To encase and protect inner vital organs
To produce red & white blood cells and platelets in bone marrow
A reservoir for storage of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorous in the bones
