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AP Biology > Chapter 22-25 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 22-25 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all the genes in a population make up?

A

The gene pool

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2
Q

Where are the oldest fossils found?

A

Lower rock beds

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3
Q

What type of selection involves individuals in the Intermediate having greater reproductive success?

A

Stabilizing selection

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4
Q

What kind of selection involves individuals at one extreme having greater reproductive success?

A

Directional selection

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5
Q

In which time period did reptiles emerge?

A

Carboniferous

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6
Q

How are fossils formed?

A

Buried dead plants, animals, and plants are compressed into soil

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7
Q

Who proposed inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

Lamarck

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8
Q

Natural selection favors individuals with the greatest __________.

A

Reproductive success

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9
Q

What are a group of related organisms that share a distinctive form?

A

Species

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10
Q

Deep-sea vent hypothesis for the formation of prebiotic molecules is based on…

A

The temperature gradient and metal rich waters

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11
Q

The process of evolutionary changes that result in formation of a new species is called….

A

Macro evolution

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12
Q

Changes in elevation on a mountain can lead to the _____ isolation of different species

A

Habitat

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13
Q

Allopatric speciation requires what?

A

Geographic isolation

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14
Q

What type of isolation occurs because the sperm cannot fertilize the ova?

A

Gametic isolation

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15
Q

What kind of mutations do not affect the phenotype of an organism?

A

Neutral mutations

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16
Q

Competition for mates occurs during what?

A

Sexual selection

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17
Q

Change in allele frequency due to random sampling error in a small population is called _________

A

Genetic drift

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18
Q

In which period did hominids appear?

A

Tertiary

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19
Q

In which period did land plants and arthropods appear?

A

Ordovician

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20
Q

What is the central issue in populations genetics?

A

Genetic variation

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21
Q

What is microevolution?

A

Changes in a populations gene pool from generation to generation

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22
Q

In which period did the earliest vascular plants appear?

A

Silurian

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23
Q

P represents what in the Hardy Weinberg equation?

A

Dominant allele

24
Q

________: when organisms are fundamentally similar due to descent from a common ancestor

A

Homology

25
Q

DNA is found in which organelles?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast

26
Q

What violates the Hardy Weinberg equation?

A

Natural selection, mutations, migration, small populations, non-random mating

27
Q

What kind of selection involves individuals at the extremes having greater reproductive success and the intermediate types have less reproductive success?

A

Disruptive selection

28
Q

Remnants of hip bones and hind legs in a snake are called _________ because they are no longer functional.

A

Vestigial structures

29
Q

The development of complex body patterns are controlled by what kind of genes?

A

The number of hox genes

30
Q

What are layered rock like structures formed by cyanobacteria?

A

Stromatolites

31
Q

P and Q represent what in a population?

A

Allele frequency

32
Q

What kind of isolation involves two species that interbreed but cannot because they are on two different continents?

A

Habitat isolation

33
Q

What’s the difference between intra-and inter- sexual selection?

A

Intrasexual selection is competition within the same sex, intersexual selection is competition of opposite sexes

34
Q

Who studied the beaks of finches?

A

Charles Darwin

35
Q

Define endemic.

A

Naturally found only in a particular location

36
Q

Time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to break down….

A

Half life

37
Q

What type of isolation involves two species not meeting because the male genitalia will not fit into the female genitalia?

A

Mechanical isolation

38
Q

Darwins finches were found on what island?

A

The Galapagos

39
Q

What is it called when two different species of plants have identical physical shapes and structures but have different evolutionary lineages?

A

Convergent evolution

40
Q

What affects may inbreeding have?

A

An increased number of homozygous traits, a decreased number of heterozygous traits, and a decreased fitness

41
Q

Industrial melanism is an example of what kind of selection?

A

Directional selection

42
Q

Who wrote a manuscript on nearly the same theme as Darwin at the same time?

A

Alfred Wallace

43
Q

In which period did large coal deposits and land plants and animals appear?

A

Carboniferous

44
Q

If a new allele arises by mutation that increases fitness, and the environment changes are correct, then we would expect ________ selection to occur.

A

Directional selection

45
Q

What is artificial selection driven by?

A

Human selecting which traits to breed

46
Q

Q represents what in the Hardy Weinberg equation?

A

Recessive alleles

47
Q

What type of isolation involves species breeding at different times of the year?

A

Temporal isolation

48
Q

What is it called when speciation occurs in a hybrid zone of a border between two populations?

A

Hybridization

49
Q

What is the name of the ship that Darwin sailed on?

A

The beagle

50
Q

Who proposed “only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce”?

A

Malvis

51
Q

Biological evolution is defined as…

A

A heritable change in characteristics of a population across many generations

52
Q

Genetic diverse city is maintained in what kind of selection?

A

Balancing selection

53
Q

What does natural selection result in?

A

Adaptations

54
Q

In which period did amniotic eggs appear?

A

Carboniferous

55
Q

Two or more alleles are maintained over the course of many generations to maintain genetic diversity is what kind of selection?

A

Balanced selection

56
Q

____________: structures that appear briefly and embryos but disappear as the organism matures

A

Temporal/developmental homology

57
Q

What species concept says that species differ from each other based on their land use of resources?

A

Ecological species concept

AP Biology (4 decks)

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