Chapter 22-25 Quiz

Question 1

analogous structures

Answer 1

similar structures that have arisen independently, two or more times, because species have occupied similar environments

Question 2

homologous structures

Answer 2

similar structures that are derived from a common ancestor

Question 3

natural selection

Answer 3

a process in which certain individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce and some individuals have traits that make ben better suited to the environment

Question 4

cladogenesis

Answer 4

the division of a species into two or more species

Question 5

anagenesis

Answer 5

when a single species is transformed into a different species over the course of many generations

Question 6

Darwinian fitness

Answer 6

the relative likelihood that a genotype will contribute to the gene pool of the next generation as compared with other genotypes (more children, higher fitness)

Question 7

Lamarck

Answer 7

hypothesized that species changed over the course of many generations by adapting to new environments, believed that living things evolved upwards towards human “perfection”

Question 8

Darwin

Answer 8

believed that existing species evolved from pre-existing species