Chapter 22 Flashcards
anabolism
build
catabolism
breakdown for energy
? produces free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols from triacylglycerols
pancreatic lipases
three steps of Triglyceride catabolism
mobilize and degrade to fatty acids. activate and transport to mitochondria. turn into acetyl CoA.
catabolism of fatty acid signalling by glucagon
bind 7TM receptor. Active/phosphorylated G-protein. Active adenylate cyclase. Formation of cAMP from ATP Activates PKA. PKA activated Perilipin and HS lipase. Activated/phosphorylated Perilipin Releases ATGL cofactor. ATGL makes DAG from TAG. ctivated/phosphorylated HS lipase makes MAG from DAG.
Fatty acids are transported in blood by ?
serum albumin
fat cells release TAGs as glycerol and fatty acids. glycerol goes to liver cells where it can ?
undergo glycolysis to pyruvate or gluconeogenesis to glucose
glycerol entry into glycolytic pathway
glycerol kinase makes glycerol 3-P. glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase makes DHAP
? activates carboxyl group of fatty acid
Acyl CoA synthetase
activation of fatty acids occurs where?
on the outside of the mitochondria
how are activated fatty acids transported into mitochondrial matrix
acyl group of CoA is transported onto carnitine. acyl carnitine crosses membrane. acyl group transferred back onto CoA.
fatty acids are degrade using ? pathway
beta-oxidation
4 steps of beta-oxidation
1) oxidation using FAD 2) Hydration 3) Oxidation using NAD+ 4) Thiolysis releases Acyl CoA
C16 undergoes ? cycles of beta oxidation
7
10 beta oxidation cylces generates
10 FADH2, 10 NADH, and 11 acetyl CoA
? used for cis bonds in fatty acids to generate trans bonds
isomerases
odd chain fatty acids are catabolized to ?
propionyl CoA then to succinate
propionyl CoA carboxylase uses ? to add CO2
biotin
in propionyl CoA conversion to succinate, mathylmalonal mutase uses ? to move methyl group
B12
very long chain fatty acids are catabolized where?
peroxisomes
difference in peroxisome fatty acid degradation
FADH2 is oxidized by O2
Acetyl CoA can only enter TCA cycle with sufficient ?
OAA
when there is not enough OAA, Acetyl CoA is used to produce
ketone bodies
ketone body production
2 acetyl CoA > acetoacetyl CoA > HMG > acetoacetate > acetone + hydroxybutyrate
Fatty acid synthesis takes place where?
cytoplasm
fatty acids synthesis uses nadph/nadh?
Nadph
commitment step of fatty acid synthesis
activation of acetyl CoA by Acetyl CoA carboxylase to form Malonyl CoA
Acetyl CoA carboxylase uses? and ? to from an activated CO2
biotin and ATP
Acetyl CoA ad malyonyl CoA are transferred to ? by transacetylase
ACP
synthesis of C16 requires
8 Acetyl CoA + 7 ATP + 14 NADPH
Used to transport acetyl CoA into cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis
citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle
citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle mechanism
OAA picks up acetyl to form citrate. citrate transported to cytoplasm. Citrate depostis acetyl group on CoA to form acetyl CoA and OAA. OAA forms malate then pyruvate which is transferredback to mitochondria.
