Chapter 22 Flashcards
Types of data that document the pattern of evolution
1) Direct observation
2) Homology
3) Vestigial Structures
4) Comparative Embryology
5) Convergent Evolution
6) Adaptive Radiation
7) Biogeography
8) The Fossil Record
Homology
Similarities in structure resulting from common ancestry
Vestigial Structures
Remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors, but may not be used in a current organism
Comparative Embryology
Looking at fertilization and development of embryos; reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adults
Convergent evolution
Two species (without common ancestors) who form the same trait (Flight); does not provide information about ancestry
Adaptive radiation
multiplying of a species, often following some event (colonizations, extinctions)
Biogeography
Where things are and how they got there; the scientific study of the geographic distribution of species; provides evidence of evolution (Pangea)
The fossil record
Using fossils to find where things occurred and when and in what order they occurred; provides evidence for extinctions, origins, and changes within groups
Endemic
Species that are not found anywhere else in the world besides one location
Homologous structures
Anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor
Evolutionary trees
Hypotheses about the relationship among different groups
Selections implies a ________ component
genetic
Natural selection
the mechanism of descent with modification
T/F: Natural Selection does not create new traits, but only edits and selects them
True
Key Features of Natural Selection
1) Individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals
2) Natural selection increases the match between organisms and their environment over time
3) If an environment changes over time, natural selection may result in adaptations to these new conditions and may give rise to new species
Artificial Selection
Humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits
Paleontology
the study of fossils, largely developed by French scientist George Cuvier
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Hypothesized that species evolve through the use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Analogous
Similar in certain respects; referring to convergent evolutions
Strata
the layer of rock where fossils are found
