Chapter 21 - The Sensory System

Question 1

Myopia

Answer 1

Lens muscles contract too tightly, making distant objects blurry.

Question 2

Presbyopia

Answer 2

Gradual age-related loss of accommodation.

Question 3

Hyperopia

Answer 3

The eyeball is too short and one cannot see close objects clearly.

Question 4

Astigmatism

Answer 4

An irregularity in the curvature of the cornea and lens, which cannot bring horizontal and vertical lines in to focus, causing blurring vision.

Question 5

The perception of light, dark, and color takes place in which part of the eye?

Answer 5

Retina.

Question 6

Which nerve is responsible for carrying the sensations of pain in the eye and temperature to the brain?

Answer 6

Ophthalmic nerve.

Question 7

A nurse is caring for a child with an ear infection. What information should the nurse provide the mother, who wants to know about the function of the hair and wax in the external ear?

Answer 7

They protect the ear from foreign objects.

Question 8

Which part of the eye is responsible for the sharpest vision?

Answer 8

Central Fovea.

Question 9

A 45-year-old client arrives at the community clinic complaining of blurry vision when looking at objects at a distance. What condition is the client most likely experiencing?

Answer 9

Myopia.

Question 10

Which is the effect of aging on the senses of smell and taste?

Answer 10

Connective tissues replace the taste buds.

Question 11

Which is the function of the lens in providing a clear image?

Answer 11

It adjusts light rays to facilitate their projection on the central fovea.

Question 12

Which could be the causes of impaired hearing in an older person?

Answer 12

-Lifelong exposure to loud noises.
-Fusing of the ossicles in the middle ear.
-Decreased cochlear function.

Question 13

Which is a likely consequence of the tympanic membrane’s inability to vibrate freely?

Answer 13

Impaired hearing.

Question 14

Which part of the ear is considered the true organ of hearing?

Answer 14

Organ of Corti.

Question 15

What sequence of steps do sound waves take to reach the brain?

Answer 15

1. Sound waves enter through the ear’s external auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane.
2. The tympanic membrane vibrates at various speeds in response to various pitches of sounds.
3. The ossicles within the middle ear act as a movable bridge to transmit these vibrations to the oval window, which amplifies sound waves.
4. The stapes vibrate against the membrane, setting the fluid of the cochlea in motion, which in turn passes on to the hair-like nerve ending in the organ of Corti.
5. The stimuli from the nerve endings in the organ of Corti are sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve and then to the temporal lobe in the cerebral cortex, where the sounds are interpreted.