chapter 21 pt 2

Question 1

consists of sinuses gorged with concentrated erythrocytes;

Answer 1

red pulp

Question 2

which consists of lymphocytes and macrophages aggregated like sleeves along small branches of the splenic artery

Answer 2

white pulp

Question 3

innate type of immunity

Answer 3

non specific

Question 4

adaptive type of immunity

Answer 4

specific

Question 5

physical barriers

Answer 5

skin, hair, mucosa

Question 6

chemical barriers

Answer 6

sweat, tears, enzyme, acid, urine

Question 7

infects a cell, interferon, healthy neighboring cells

Answer 7

viral

Question 8

are plasma proteins that bind to carbohydrates.

Answer 8

lectins

Question 9

a lectin binds to certain sugars of a microbial cell surface and sets off yet another reaction cascade leading to C3b production.

Answer 9

lectin pathway,

Question 10

When certain cells (especially leukocytes) are infected with viruses, they secrete proteins called

Answer 10

interferons

Question 11

requires an antibody molecule to get it started;

Answer 11

classical pathway

Question 12

is a group of 30 or more globu- lins that make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity

Answer 12

The complement system

Question 13

“dying words” that alert neighboring cells and protect them from becoming infected.

Answer 13

interferons

Question 14

C3a stimulates mast cells and baso- phils to secrete histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. It also activates and attracts neutrophils and macrophages, the two key cellular agents of pathogen destruction in inflammation.

Answer 14

Inflammation.

Question 15

Bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens are phagocytized and digested by neutrophils and macrophages. However, those phagocytes cannot eas- ily internalize “naked” microorganisms.

Answer 15

phagocytosis

Question 16

it coats micro- bial cells and serves as binding sites for phagocyte attachment.

Answer 16

opsonization

Question 17

C3b splits another complement protein, C5, into C5a and C5b. C5a joins C3a in its proinflam- matory actions, but C5b plays a more important role in pathogen destruction. It binds to the enemy cell and then attracts complements C6, C7, and C8.

Answer 17

cytolysis

Question 18

is a phenomenon in which natural killer (NK) cells continually patrol the body “on the lookout” for pathogens or diseased host cells. They attack and destroy bacteria, cells of transplanted organs and tissues, cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells.

Answer 18

immune surveillance

Question 19

is an abnormal elevation of body temperature.

Answer 19

fever

Question 20

is a local defensive response to tissue injury of any kind, including trauma and infection.

Answer 20

inflammation

Question 21

rubor

Answer 21

redness

Question 22

tumore

Answer 22

swelling

Question 23

calor

Answer 23

temp

Question 24

dolor

Answer 24

pain

Question 25

loss of function

Answer 25

cardinal sign

Question 26

fevers are bad bc

Answer 26

denature of proteins

Question 27

fevers are good bc

Answer 27

stimulate metabolic process, pathogens die

Question 28

chemicals that can alter temp reg

Answer 28

pyrogens

Question 29

is any molecule that triggers an immune response.

Answer 29

antigen20 (Ag)