chapter 21 pt 2 Flashcards
consists of sinuses gorged with concentrated erythrocytes;
red pulp
which consists of lymphocytes and macrophages aggregated like sleeves along small branches of the splenic artery
white pulp
innate type of immunity
non specific
adaptive type of immunity
specific
physical barriers
skin, hair, mucosa
chemical barriers
sweat, tears, enzyme, acid, urine
infects a cell, interferon, healthy neighboring cells
viral
are plasma proteins that bind to carbohydrates.
lectins
a lectin binds to certain sugars of a microbial cell surface and sets off yet another reaction cascade leading to C3b production.
lectin pathway,
When certain cells (especially leukocytes) are infected with viruses, they secrete proteins called
interferons
requires an antibody molecule to get it started;
classical pathway
is a group of 30 or more globu- lins that make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity
The complement system
“dying words” that alert neighboring cells and protect them from becoming infected.
interferons
C3a stimulates mast cells and baso- phils to secrete histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. It also activates and attracts neutrophils and macrophages, the two key cellular agents of pathogen destruction in inflammation.
Inflammation.
Bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens are phagocytized and digested by neutrophils and macrophages. However, those phagocytes cannot eas- ily internalize “naked” microorganisms.
phagocytosis
it coats micro- bial cells and serves as binding sites for phagocyte attachment.
opsonization
C3b splits another complement protein, C5, into C5a and C5b. C5a joins C3a in its proinflam- matory actions, but C5b plays a more important role in pathogen destruction. It binds to the enemy cell and then attracts complements C6, C7, and C8.
cytolysis
is a phenomenon in which natural killer (NK) cells continually patrol the body “on the lookout” for pathogens or diseased host cells. They attack and destroy bacteria, cells of transplanted organs and tissues, cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells.
immune surveillance
is an abnormal elevation of body temperature.
fever
is a local defensive response to tissue injury of any kind, including trauma and infection.
inflammation
rubor
redness
tumore
swelling
calor
temp
dolor
pain
loss of function
cardinal sign
fevers are bad bc
denature of proteins
fevers are good bc
stimulate metabolic process, pathogens die
chemicals that can alter temp reg
pyrogens
is any molecule that triggers an immune response.
antigen20 (Ag)
