chapter 20 Flashcards
consistent in all blood vessels
tunica intima/interna
gets damaged. clotting occurs
endothelium
what does tunica intima/interna consist of
endothelium and connective tissue
consist of smooth muscle/ connective tissue
tunica media
sometimes needs more blood supply
externa/adventitia
consist of connective tissue (collagen/elastic)
externa
can have blood vessels w/in blood vessels
vasavasorum ( externa)
Efferent vessels, carries blood away from heart
arteries
aka, conducting artery.biggest, can stretch, tolerate high pressure and force from hearts ventricles, helps move blood in diastole
Elastic
aka distributing artery, elastic is limited to international and external lamina, high muscle content
muscular
Aka resistance, media & external diminish, smallest may have no external
arterioles
weak point in an artery or heart wall. bulge that ruptures
aneurysm
aka capacitance
veins
as ___ grow larger, tunica media & external get more distinct
veins
in veins tunica externa is the ___ layer and ___ component
thickest, largest
medium veins and up have ___
valves
veins have an overall ___ wall than arteries
thinner
veins hold more blood because…
lumen is large
minimal intercellular clefts
continuous cap.
will not allow large molecules to pass through ex) plasma protein, platelets, & blood cells. Will allow small molecule to pass through ex) glucose. least permeable
minimal intercellular clefts in continuous cap.
___ & ___ will have continuous caps.
muscles and skin
____ caps are found in BBB
continuous caps.
allow larger molecules to cross ex)hormones where endocrine glands are found
fenestrated caps.
holes (filtration pores)
fenestrations
filtration site
kidneys
absorption in
instestines
aka discontinuous caps
sinusoidal
have HUGE fenestrations, large intercellular clefts, incomplete endothelium, most permeable
sinusoidal
large cells and molecules can pass through sinusoidal caps bc of
incomplete endothelium
found in liver, spleen, & bone marrow
sinusoidal
64%
Veins
5%
Caps.
15%
arteries
7%
heart
9%
pulmonary circuit
84%
systemic circuit
Capillaries are organized into networks called
capillary beds
caps move in the direction
arteriole to venule
the metarteriole continues as a ____ leading directly to a venule
thoroughfare channel
____ empty into the distal end of the thoroughfare channel or directly into the venule.
caps.
Caps drain into
thoroughfare channel
Modulate how much blood is going though capillaries
precap. sphincters
relaxed precap sphincters =
more flow
contsricted precap sphincters =
lack of flow
precap sphincters control ____ depending on how much a tissue needs
blood flow
point where two blood vessels merge.
anastamosis
blood flows from an artery directly into a vein and bypasses the capillaries
arteriovenous (shunt)
which one vein empties directly into another, most common
venovenous
2 arteries
ateriovenous
blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and stretch the veins.
varicose veins
alternative route to blood flow
collateral circulation
is the peak arterial BP attained during ventricular contraction,
systolic
s the minimum arterial BP occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heart- beats
diastolic
is the amount of blood flow- ing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time (such as mL/min).
FLOW
flow is proportionate to
pressure gradient
beginning (aorta) to the end (Rt atrium)
pressure
systolic + diastolic/ 2
pressure average
diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
MAP ( mean arteriole pressure)
systolic-diastolic =
pulse pressure
MAP - 0 =
delta p
MAP =
delta p
resistance is proportionate with…
viscosity
blood vessel length is proportionate with
resistance (R)
diameter is proportionate with
(R)
commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90.
hypertension
is chronic low resting BP.
Hypotension
pressure and flow in vessels decline with…
distance
A deficiency of erythrocytes
anemia
A deficiency of albumin
hypo- proteinemia
the narrowing of a vessel
vasoconstriction,
the widening of a vessel.
vasodilation,
F =
CO
SV x HR=
CO
EDV- ESV =
SV
CO x P
MAP
myogenic is…
local
respond to changed in pressure
myogenic
increase in pressure causes
vasoconstriction
decrease in pressure causes
decrease vasoconstriction
neural ( cardo vascular center) is located in…, has sympathetic control
medulla
is the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply.
autoregulation
potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure.
angiotensin II
This “salt-retaining hormone” primarily promotes Na retention by the kidneys. Since water follows sodium osmotically, Na retention promotes water retention, thus promoting a higher blood volume and pressure. water reabsorption from kidney
aldosterone
ADH primarily promotes water retention, but at pathologically high concentra- tions it is also a vasoconstrictor—hence its alternate name, vasopressin. Both of these effects raise
blood pressure.
Antidiuretic hormone.
increases H2O loss from kidney
Atrial natriuretic peptide. ANP,
keep blood flowing in one direction, divide the column of blood into smaller sections
valves
blood will be expressed at the bottom of large veins
valve failure
contract = blood goes moves up to heart
muscular pump
negative pressure in lungs, inhale - blood gets pulled towards your heart
respiratory pump
blood will move where there are more ____ particles
solute
due to presence of solute particles
osmotic pressure
is the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall. Blood pressure is one example
Hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure in cap =
BP
interstitial=
pressure of fluid
cap = 18 mmHg on…
venous side
swelling of tissue due to excessive interstitial fluid
edema
protein failure leads to…
kidney failure/ damage
AKA peripheral heart
calf muscle
volume increases in thoracic cavity when you inhale
respiratory pump
valves distribute weight through the
blood column
pressure gradient is lower in ___ structure
venous
