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anatomy chapter 1 > chapter 20 > Flashcards

chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

consistent in all blood vessels

A

tunica intima/interna

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2
Q

gets damaged. clotting occurs

A

endothelium

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3
Q

what does tunica intima/interna consist of

A

endothelium and connective tissue

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4
Q

consist of smooth muscle/ connective tissue

A

tunica media

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5
Q

sometimes needs more blood supply

A

externa/adventitia

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6
Q

consist of connective tissue (collagen/elastic)

A

externa

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7
Q

can have blood vessels w/in blood vessels

A

vasavasorum ( externa)

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8
Q

Efferent vessels, carries blood away from heart

A

arteries

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9
Q

aka, conducting artery.biggest, can stretch, tolerate high pressure and force from hearts ventricles, helps move blood in diastole

A

Elastic

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10
Q

aka distributing artery, elastic is limited to international and external lamina, high muscle content

A

muscular

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11
Q

Aka resistance, media & external diminish, smallest may have no external

A

arterioles

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12
Q

weak point in an artery or heart wall. bulge that ruptures

A

aneurysm

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13
Q

aka capacitance

A

veins

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14
Q

as ___ grow larger, tunica media & external get more distinct

A

veins

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15
Q

in veins tunica externa is the ___ layer and ___ component

A

thickest, largest

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16
Q

medium veins and up have ___

A

valves

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17
Q

veins have an overall ___ wall than arteries

A

thinner

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18
Q

veins hold more blood because…

A

lumen is large

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19
Q

minimal intercellular clefts

A

continuous cap.

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20
Q

will not allow large molecules to pass through ex) plasma protein, platelets, & blood cells. Will allow small molecule to pass through ex) glucose. least permeable

A

minimal intercellular clefts in continuous cap.

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21
Q

___ & ___ will have continuous caps.

A

muscles and skin

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22
Q

____ caps are found in BBB

A

continuous caps.

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23
Q

allow larger molecules to cross ex)hormones where endocrine glands are found

A

fenestrated caps.

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24
Q

holes (filtration pores)

A

fenestrations

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25
Q

filtration site

A

kidneys

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26
Q

absorption in

A

instestines

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27
Q

aka discontinuous caps

A

sinusoidal

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28
Q

have HUGE fenestrations, large intercellular clefts, incomplete endothelium, most permeable

A

sinusoidal

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29
Q

large cells and molecules can pass through sinusoidal caps bc of

A

incomplete endothelium

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30
Q

found in liver, spleen, & bone marrow

A

sinusoidal

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31
Q

64%

A

Veins

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32
Q

5%

A

Caps.

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33
Q

15%

A

arteries

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34
Q

7%

A

heart

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35
Q

9%

A

pulmonary circuit

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36
Q

84%

A

systemic circuit

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37
Q

Capillaries are organized into networks called

A

capillary beds

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38
Q

caps move in the direction

A

arteriole to venule

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39
Q

the metarteriole continues as a ____ leading directly to a venule

A

thoroughfare channel

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40
Q

____ empty into the distal end of the thoroughfare channel or directly into the venule.

A

caps.

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41
Q

Caps drain into

A

thoroughfare channel

42
Q

Modulate how much blood is going though capillaries

A

precap. sphincters

43
Q

relaxed precap sphincters =

A

more flow

44
Q

contsricted precap sphincters =

A

lack of flow

45
Q

precap sphincters control ____ depending on how much a tissue needs

A

blood flow

46
Q

point where two blood vessels merge.

A

anastamosis

47
Q

blood flows from an artery directly into a vein and bypasses the capillaries

A

arteriovenous (shunt)

48
Q

which one vein empties directly into another, most common

A

venovenous

49
Q

2 arteries

A

ateriovenous

50
Q

blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and stretch the veins.

A

varicose veins

51
Q

alternative route to blood flow

A

collateral circulation

52
Q

is the peak arterial BP attained during ventricular contraction,

A

systolic

53
Q

s the minimum arterial BP occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heart- beats

A

diastolic

54
Q

is the amount of blood flow- ing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time (such as mL/min).

A

FLOW

55
Q

flow is proportionate to

A

pressure gradient

56
Q

beginning (aorta) to the end (Rt atrium)

A

pressure

57
Q

systolic + diastolic/ 2

A

pressure average

58
Q

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

A

MAP ( mean arteriole pressure)

59
Q

systolic-diastolic =

A

pulse pressure

60
Q

MAP - 0 =

A

delta p

61
Q

MAP =

A

delta p

62
Q

resistance is proportionate with…

A

viscosity

63
Q

blood vessel length is proportionate with

A

resistance (R)

64
Q

diameter is proportionate with

A

(R)

65
Q

commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90.

A

hypertension

66
Q

is chronic low resting BP.

A

Hypotension

67
Q

pressure and flow in vessels decline with…

A

distance

68
Q

A deficiency of erythrocytes

A

anemia

69
Q

A deficiency of albumin

A

hypo- proteinemia

70
Q

the narrowing of a vessel

A

vasoconstriction,

71
Q

the widening of a vessel.

A

vasodilation,

72
Q

F =

A

CO

73
Q

SV x HR=

A

CO

74
Q

EDV- ESV =

A

SV

75
Q

CO x P

A

MAP

76
Q

myogenic is…

A

local

77
Q

respond to changed in pressure

A

myogenic

78
Q

increase in pressure causes

A

vasoconstriction

79
Q

decrease in pressure causes

A

decrease vasoconstriction

80
Q

neural ( cardo vascular center) is located in…, has sympathetic control

A

medulla

81
Q

is the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply.

A

autoregulation

82
Q

potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure.

A

angiotensin II

83
Q

This “salt-retaining hormone” primarily promotes Na retention by the kidneys. Since water follows sodium osmotically, Na retention promotes water retention, thus promoting a higher blood volume and pressure. water reabsorption from kidney

A

aldosterone

84
Q

ADH primarily promotes water retention, but at pathologically high concentra- tions it is also a vasoconstrictor—hence its alternate name, vasopressin. Both of these effects raise
blood pressure.

A

Antidiuretic hormone.

85
Q

increases H2O loss from kidney

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide. ANP,

86
Q

keep blood flowing in one direction, divide the column of blood into smaller sections

A

valves

87
Q

blood will be expressed at the bottom of large veins

A

valve failure

88
Q

contract = blood goes moves up to heart

A

muscular pump

89
Q

negative pressure in lungs, inhale - blood gets pulled towards your heart

A

respiratory pump

90
Q

blood will move where there are more ____ particles

A

solute

91
Q

due to presence of solute particles

A

osmotic pressure

92
Q

is the physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall. Blood pressure is one example

A

Hydrostatic pressure

93
Q

Hydrostatic pressure in cap =

A

BP

94
Q

interstitial=

A

pressure of fluid

95
Q

cap = 18 mmHg on…

A

venous side

96
Q

swelling of tissue due to excessive interstitial fluid

A

edema

97
Q

protein failure leads to…

A

kidney failure/ damage

98
Q

AKA peripheral heart

A

calf muscle

99
Q

volume increases in thoracic cavity when you inhale

A

respiratory pump

100
Q

valves distribute weight through the

A

blood column

101
Q

pressure gradient is lower in ___ structure

A

venous

anatomy chapter 1 (5 decks)

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