Chapter 21 Prokaryotes

Question 1

Prokaryotes include which domains?

Answer 1

Bacteria and Archaea. All of which are microscopic

Question 2

Louis pasteur experiments

Answer 2

His work supported the idea that all cells come from other cells. Though exposure of flasks and showing the idea that bacteria comes from air exposure.

Question 3

Main characteristics of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 3

Inside the cell: Cytoplasm, no membrane bound organelles.
DNA (nucleic acid) found as a singular circular chromosome along with no true nucleus.

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Surrounds cytoplasm and regulates what comes in and out of the cell

Question 5

cell wall

Answer 5

Provides protection and shapes the cell

Question 6

cell capsule

Answer 6

Gel like coating outside of cell wall; attachment to surfaces

Question 7

Flagellum

Answer 7

Allows the cell to move

Question 8

Pili

Answer 8

genetic information transfer

Question 9

Fimbrae

Answer 9

Hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces

Question 10

Binary Fission

Answer 10

Asexual reproductions that produces new unicellular individuals. This means that they are haploid and that mutations are passed on and generates more quickly to offspring

Question 11

Bacteria

Answer 11

Most common type of prokaryotes
We can tell the difference between the structured of the cell walls

Question 12

Gram positive bacteria

Answer 12

Retain dye and appear dark purple

Question 13

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 13

Dont retain dye and appear red

Question 14

Why is dying bacteria so important?

Answer 14

So we can classify each and learn their respective functions by their structure

Question 15

Bacteria can be classifies in terms of?

Answer 15

• Their shape (Spiral, rod, round)
• Their metabolism (oxygen requirement)

Question 16

Metabolism (Heterotroph)

Answer 16

Organisms that use organic sources of carbon (must consume organic molecules ex: plants)

Question 17

Metabolism (autotroph)

Answer 17

Organisms that use inorganic sources for carbon (they synthesize their own organic molecules ex: photosynthesis)

Question 18

Cyanobacteria

Answer 18

Thought to be the first organism to go through photosynthesis
- Highly diverse (unicellular/colonies)
- Gramnegative bacteria

Question 19

Saprotroph

Answer 19

Decompose most large organic molecules to smaller molecules

Question 20

Archaea

Answer 20

Formerly considered bacteria. rRna is different than bacteria and they do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They are extremophiles

Question 21

Extremophiles

Answer 21

Live in extreme conditions

Question 22

Halophiles

Answer 22

require high salt concentrations

Question 23

Methanogens

Answer 23

Produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide