Chapter 21: Integumentary system

Question 1

Examples of abnormalities of melanocyte function include ___ [patchy absence of hair and skin pigment] and ____, which feature patches of white skin and hair.

Answer 1

piebaldism - Waardenburg syndrome
[WS]

Question 2

Some types of WS result from mutations in ___, including WSI and W53.

Answer 2

PAX3

Question 3

Diseases of melanocyte function include the various forms of ____ characterized by globally reduced or absent pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. These cases are classified as different types of ___.

Answer 3

albinism - oculocutaneous albinism [OCA]

Question 4

In severe cases, ichthyosis may result in a grotesque appearance, as in the case of a ____

Answer 4

harlequin fetus

Question 4

____ results from a loss of melanocytes due to an autoimmune disorder. There is patchy loss of pigment from affected areas, including the skin and overlying hair and the oral mucosa. It is also associated with other autoimmune diseases, particularly of the thyroid.

Answer 4

Vitiligo

Question 5

____, excessive keratinization of the skin, is characteristic of a group of hereditary disorders that are usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait but may also be X—linked

Answer 5

lchthyosis

Question 5

The epidermal ridges that produce typical pattern on the surface of the fingertips, palms of the hand, and soles of the feet are genetically determined. They form the basis for many studies in medical genetics and criminal investigations [____]

Answer 5

dermatoglyphics

Question 6

___ [excessive hairiness] is caused by an unusual abundance of hair follicles. It may be localized to certain areas of the body, especially the lower lumbar region covering a spina bifida occulta defect or may cover the entire body

Answer 6

Hypertrichosis

Question 7

____, the congenital absence of hair, is usually associated with abnormalities of other ectodermal derivatives, such as teeth and nails

Answer 7

Atrichia

Question 8

____ is a condition in which accessory nipples have formed resulting from the persistence of fragments of the mammary line. Accessory nipples may develop anywhere along the original mammary line but usually appear in the axillary region

Answer 8

Polythelia

Question 9

____ occurs when a remnant of the mammary line develops into a complete breast.

Answer 9

Polymastia

Question 10

____ is a condition in which the lactiferous ducts open into the original epithelial pit that has failed to evert

Answer 10

Inverted nipple