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NRS133: Unit 8 - Management of Patients with Immune Disorders > Chapter 21 - HIV and AIDS > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - HIV and AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

HIV/AIDS was first identified in what year

A

1981

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2
Q

Primarily discovered in

A

Urban, gay, men in the united states

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3
Q

HIV came from …

A

South America

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4
Q

Highest incidence of HIV is in what nationality

A

African American

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5
Q

Highest concentrations of HIV are found in …

A

semen and blood

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6
Q

HIV testing checks for….

A

antibodies agains HIV-1 and HIV-2 rather than the virus

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7
Q

Two types of HIV tests

A

ELISA and Western Blot Test

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8
Q

Examples of AIDS defining Illnesses (opportunistic infection)

A

Kaposis sarcoma (one of the first)
Pneumocystic Carina (later on)
Diarrhea
CMV of retina

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9
Q

What level of HIV is a person if CD4+ T cell count is unknown

A

Stage 4

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10
Q

a diagnosis of AIDS requires that…

A

the person be HIV+ and have EITHER a CD4 + Tcell count of less than 200 cell/mm3 or an opportunistic infection

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11
Q

Normal lymph % vs HIV lymph %

A

Normal: 30-40%

HIV less than 15%

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12
Q

Low lymphocyte count…

A

of less than 15% (lymphopenic) can indicate HIV positive.
Next an ELISA test is performed (Enzyme-linked Ammunosorbant Assay.
> Western Blot Test > Viral load testing

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13
Q

How long for a positive HIV test after exposure

A

12 weeks average

3 weeks to 3 months

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14
Q

PEP therapy

A

Post exposure Therapy
28 days of therapy
3+ drugs given

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15
Q

Next affected after gays was…

A
  • Hemophiliacs
  • Pts who received a transfusion with HIV infected blood
  • Newborns and breastfed infants of HIV infected mothers
  • Injection drug users
  • Partners having unprotected sex with those infected
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16
Q

`HIV is what kind of disease

A

retrovirus

17
Q

retrovirus

A

Transcription of genetic material is reversed.

-RNA made into DNA rather than the opposite as normal

18
Q

Enzymes responsible for transcribing RNA into DNA

A

Reverse transcriptase and Integrase

19
Q

The life cycle of HIV

A
  • Penetrates body via blood and body fluids
  • Spherical
  • Two protein markers protrude from the virus
    • gp120 and gp41
      - attach to receptors found on the CD4+Tcell and infuse genetic material.
20
Q

How many new copies of HIV are made daily

A
  • 10 billion new HIV virons

- about 2 billion new T4 cells are produced

21
Q

Dropping of CD8 cells and CD4 cells

A

CD8 drop drastically in the late stages

CD4 cells slowly decline throughout whole infection

22
Q

Inital stage of HIV Infection

S/S

A

Generalized flulike symptoms

23
Q

Latent stage of HIV Infection

S/S

A
  • May have no symptoms initally
  • Eventually, frequent and persistent infections
    • Fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, headache, skin lesions, sore throat, dyspnea, burning with urination, or diarrhea. and Extreme fatigue and weight loss
24
Q

How many stages of HIV classification

A

4

25
Q

Stage 1 Criteria

A
  • Confirmed HIV infection
  • CD4 + TCell count of >500 cell/mm3 OR
  • CD4 + TCell cell percentage of 29% or greater
  • No AIDs defining illness
26
Q

Stage 2 Criteria

A
  • Confirmed HIV infection
  • CD4 + TCell count between 200-499 cells/mm3 OR
  • CD4 + TCell percentage between 14-28%
  • No AIDS defining illness
27
Q

Stage 3 Criteria

A
  • Confirmed HIV infection
  • CD4 +Tcell count of <14% OR
  • Documented AIDS defining illness
28
Q

Stage 4 Criteria

A
  • Confirmed HIV infection

- No information regarding CD4+Tcell count, CD4+ Tcell percentage or AIDS defining illness is available.

29
Q

AIDS diagnosis

A

An AIDS diagnosis requires the person be HIV positive and have either a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or an opportunistic infection.

30
Q

Usual drug combination

A

1 protease inhibitor and 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

31
Q

Common reason for noncompliance with Meds

A

GI upset usually subsides in a few weeks

32
Q

Medical Treatment is recommended for….

A

HIV viral load of 5000, 30,000 copies/mL and CD4 counts of 350-500 cells/mm

33
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A
  • When CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and/or HIV antibodies fall below normal, infections and cancers take advantage
34
Q

Leading cause of AIDS death is

A

pneumonia due to unspecific organisms

NRS133: Unit 8 - Management of Patients with Immune Disorders (3 decks)

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