Chapter 19 - Immunity Flashcards
immunocompetence
inflammation, cell mediated and antibody mediated responses all working.
5 signs of inflammation
SPIRaL Swelling Pain Increased Warmth Redness and Loss of Function
Signs of Inflammation are very similar to infection except
infection may have drainage
Left Shift
Indicates infection
Increased Bands
Normal % of Segs
62%
Normal % of Bands
5%
Normal % of Monos
3%
Normal % of Lymphs
28%
Normal % of Eosins
1.5%
Normal % of Basos
0.5%
Allergic Rx will cause increase in…
Eosinophils
Which cells are the only cells able to recognize non self cells and attack them
WBCs
Types of Antibody Mediated Immunity
Active and Passive Immunity
Types of Active Immunity
Natural Active Immunity
Artificial Active Immunity
Example of Natural Active Immunity
Infection
Example of Artificial Active Immunity
Immunizations
Types of Passive Immunity
Natural Passive Immunity
Artificial Passive Immunity
Example of Natural Passive Immunity
Antibodies from Breastmilk and Placenta
Examples of Artificial Passive Immunity
Antibodies given IV IV immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Longest Lasting and Most Effective form of immunity
Natural Active Immunity
Cell Mediated Immune Response
- T lymphocytes
- activate macrophages of killer T Cells
- Production and activity of cytokines
What do cytokines do
Turn on and off genes
Antibody mediated immunity
regulated by B lymphocytes, plasma cells and Memory cells
Interleukin-1
Induces fever
Stimulates production of prostaglandins
Increases growth of CD4+ Tcells
Interleukin-2
Increases growth and differentiation of T-lymphocytes
Enhances natural killer cells activity against cancer cells
Interleukin-6
Stimulates liver to produce fibrinogen and protein C
Increases rate of bone marrow production of stem cells
Increases numbers of sensitized B-lymphocytes.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Induces fever
Major cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis damage
Major cytokins involved in the acute inflammatory response to infectious bacteria and starts many of the systemic complications of severe infection or sepsis.
Increases leukocyte adhesion
Participates in graft rejection
Induces cachexia and muscle breakdown
Induces cell death
Stimulates delayed hypersensitivity reactions and allergy
Transplant Rejection
- Normal response of the immune system
- can damage or destroy the transplanted organ
- need to take immunosuppressive drugs daily to prevent rejection
- these drugs increase the risk for infection and cancer development
3 types of rejection
Hyperacute
Acute
Chronic
Hyperacute rejection
Immediate organ must be removed
Acute rejection
1 week - 3 months
may be damage to the organ
Chronic rejection
over time scarring develops
eventual death of organ
Prednisone
Important Facts
Taper off meds!
They mask infection
