Chapter 21 - Food Additives Flashcards
Purpose of 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the 1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act:
to assure safety of chemicals added to foods is proven by manufacturer before use
2 Benefits from 1958 food additives amendment
Imposes a premarket approval requirement
◦Shifted burden of proof for safety from government to the manufacturer
The 1958 Food Additives Amendment established the creation of a list of additives known as?
GRA’s
“generally recognized as safe”
•If a food manufacturer wants to use an additive what must they do?
the additive must either be on the GRAS list, or they must prove it is safe
What is Delaney clause
•“no food substance can be considered safe if it is found to produce cancer when fed to man or animal, or can be shown to induce cancer by any appropriate test”
5 categories of food additives
Preservatives
Sequestrants (Chelating Agents)
color additives
Flavor additives
Stabilizers and thickeners
3 types of preservatives
Anti microbial agents
Antioxidants
Sulfites
4 Specific anti microbial agents
Sugar
◦Salt
◦Nitrites
◦Mold inhibitors
Where is sugar used as anti microbial agent
jellies, fruit, canned ham
Where are nitrates found
in bacon, hot dogs, ham, bologna
5 specific examples of antioxidants
Vitamin E and C
BHA
BHT
Sulfites
3 specific examples of Sulfites
sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium or potassium bisulfite
Sulfite negative effect
destroy thiamin
Food additives definition
Substances that are added to foods, but are not normally consumed by themselves as foods.
two types of color additives
Which one requires FDA approval?
Natural
Artificial (FDA approval)
