Chapter 21 - Endocrine Flashcards
Both men and women experience bone loss with aging. The bones most likely to demonstrate significant loss
Femoral neck bones
Biophosphonates Treat or prevent osteoporosis by
Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
Prophylactic use bio phosphonate’s is recommended for patients with early osteopenia related to long-term use of which of the following drugs?
Glucocorticoids
Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed enzyme replacement for pancreatic secretions. Each replacement drug has lipase, protease, and amylase components, but the drugs prescribed in units of
Lipase
Brands of pancreatic enzyme replacement drug are:
About the same and cost per unit of lipase across brands
When given subcutaneously, how long until neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin begin to take effect-onset of action- after administration?
60 - 90 minuets
Hypoglycemia can result from the action of either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include
Dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, and tachycardia.
Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol create serious drug interactions with insulin because they
Mask the signs and symptoms of altered glucose levels
Lispro Is an insulin analog produced by recombinant DNA technology. Which of the following statements about this form of insulin is not true?
Duration of action is increased when the dose is increased.
The decision may be made to switch from twice daily neutral protamine Hagedorn NPH to insulin glargine To improve glycemic control throughout the day. If this is done:
The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to avoid hypoglycemia
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control and type two diabetes, some form of insulin may be added to the treatment regime to control blood glucose and limit complication risk. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?
Newer pre-mixed insulin’s are better at lowering HB A1 C and post prandial glucose levels than long acting insulin’s.
Metformin is a primary choice of drug to treat hyperglycemia and type two diabetes because it:
Decreases glycogenolysis the liver
Newer pre-mixed insulin’s are better at lowering __________and ____ __________ glucose levels than long acting insulin’s.
HBA1c and postprandial
Prior to prescribing metformin, The provider should
Draw a serum to asses renal function
The action of Gliptins is different from other antidiabetic agents Because they
Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase production
Sitagliptin has been approved for :
Both 1 and 2
Mono therapy in once-daily doses
Combination therapy with metformin
GLP-1 agonists
Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
Avoid concurrent administration of exenatide with which of the following drugs? (3)
Digoxin, warfarin, lovastatin
Administration of exenatide is by subcutaneous injection (when)
60 minutes prior to the morning and evening meal
Potentially fatal granlocytopenia has been associated with treatment of hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil. Patients should be taught to report:
Fever and sore throat
Elderly patients who are started on levothyroxine For thyroid replacement should be monitored for
Tachycardia and angina
Which of the following is not an indication that growth hormones supplements should be discontinued
Complaints of mild bone pain
Besides osteoporosis, IV bisphosphonates Are also indicated for
Paget’s disease
What is the role of calcium supplements when patients take bisphosphonate
They must be taken insufficient amounts to provide foundational elements for bone growth
Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is true?
Dosing may be titrated according to the decrease of steatorrhea
Besides Cystic fibrosis, which other medical state may trigger the need for pancreatic enzymes?
Some bariatric surgeries
