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Biology 1020 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sift small organisms or food particles from water.

A

Filter feeders

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2
Q

Live in or on their food source and eat their way through it

A

Substrate feeders

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3
Q

Suck nutrient rich fluids from a living host

A

Fluid feeders

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4
Q

ingest large pieces of food

A

Bulk feeders

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5
Q

The act of eating

A

Ingestion

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6
Q

The breaking down of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.

A

Digestion

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7
Q

Is the take up of the products of digestion, usually by the cells lining the digestive tract.

A

Absorption

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8
Q

Is the removal of undigested materials from the digestive tract.

A

Elimination

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9
Q

A mouth at one end, a anus at the other end, and specialized regions associated with one way flow of food.

A

Alimentary canal

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10
Q

A single opening.

A

Gastrovascular cavity

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11
Q

Where food is softened or stored

A

Crop

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12
Q

Where food is ground and stored

A

Gizzard or stomach

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13
Q

Where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

A

Intestines

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14
Q

Undigested material is expelled through the _____

A

Anus

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15
Q

Food moved along by alternating waves of contraction and relaxation by smooth muscle in the walls of the canal.

A

Peristalsis

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16
Q

Food is moved in and out of the stomach by _______.

A

Sphincters

17
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

In the oral cavity

18
Q

food ball

A

Bolus

19
Q

door like flap of cartilage

A

epiglottis

20
Q

Made up of mucus, protein digesting enzyme, and strong acid with a ph of about 2.

A

Gastric juice.

21
Q

What prevents the gastric juices from digesting the walls of the stomach?

A
  • Secretion of pepsin in the inactive form of pesinogen.
  • Mucus
  • New cells lining the stomach. (replaced about every 3 days)
22
Q

Food mixed with enzymes to form a nutrient rich broth.

A

Chyme

23
Q

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

A

Calorie

24
Q

= 1000 calories

A

Kilocalorie

25
Q

The rate of energy consumption by n animal is called __________

A

metabolic rate

26
Q

The energy a resting animal requires each day

A

Basal metabolic rate.

27
Q

cannot be made from any raw material

A

Essential nutrients

28
Q

Are organic nutrients that may be water soluble or fat soluble.

A

Vitamins

29
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B and C

30
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E and K

31
Q

Simple inorganic nutrients

A

Minerals

32
Q

A health problem caused by an improper or insufficient diet and may be caused by inadequate intake or by disease, such as metabolic or digestive abnormalities.

A

Malnutrition

33
Q

Too high body mass index.

A

Obesity

Biology 1020 (3 decks)

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