Chapter 21 Flashcards
Sift small organisms or food particles from water.
Filter feeders
Live in or on their food source and eat their way through it
Substrate feeders
Suck nutrient rich fluids from a living host
Fluid feeders
ingest large pieces of food
Bulk feeders
The act of eating
Ingestion
The breaking down of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.
Digestion
Is the take up of the products of digestion, usually by the cells lining the digestive tract.
Absorption
Is the removal of undigested materials from the digestive tract.
Elimination
A mouth at one end, a anus at the other end, and specialized regions associated with one way flow of food.
Alimentary canal
A single opening.
Gastrovascular cavity
Where food is softened or stored
Crop
Where food is ground and stored
Gizzard or stomach
Where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur.
Intestines
Undigested material is expelled through the _____
Anus
Food moved along by alternating waves of contraction and relaxation by smooth muscle in the walls of the canal.
Peristalsis
Food is moved in and out of the stomach by _______.
Sphincters
Where does digestion begin?
In the oral cavity
food ball
Bolus
door like flap of cartilage
epiglottis
Made up of mucus, protein digesting enzyme, and strong acid with a ph of about 2.
Gastric juice.
What prevents the gastric juices from digesting the walls of the stomach?
- Secretion of pepsin in the inactive form of pesinogen.
- Mucus
- New cells lining the stomach. (replaced about every 3 days)
Food mixed with enzymes to form a nutrient rich broth.
Chyme
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Calorie
= 1000 calories
Kilocalorie
The rate of energy consumption by n animal is called __________
metabolic rate
The energy a resting animal requires each day
Basal metabolic rate.
cannot be made from any raw material
Essential nutrients
Are organic nutrients that may be water soluble or fat soluble.
Vitamins
Water soluble vitamins
B and C
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E and K
Simple inorganic nutrients
Minerals
A health problem caused by an improper or insufficient diet and may be caused by inadequate intake or by disease, such as metabolic or digestive abnormalities.
Malnutrition
Too high body mass index.
Obesity
