Chapter 20 Flashcards
Study of structure
Anatomy
Study of function
Physiology
Are an integrated group of similar cells that perform a common function.
Tissues
Perform a specific task and consist of two or more tissues.
Organs
Consist of multiple organs that together perform a vital body function.
Organ system
Four main categories of tissues.
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Are sheets of closely packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities.
Epithelial tissues
Three shapes of epithelial cells.
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
Epithelial tissues are named according to….
- The number of cell layers they have
- The shape of the cells on their apical surface.
6 major types of connective tissue
- Loose connective tissue
- Fibrous connective tissue
- Adipose tissue
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Most abundant tissue in most animals
Muscle tissue
3 types of vertebrate muscle tissues?
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
Senses stimuli and rapidly transmits information.
Nervous tissue
Carry signals by conducting electrical impulses.
Neurons
Each organ system typically
- Consists of many organs
- Has one or more functions
- works with other organ systems to create a functional organism
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to body cells.
Transport carbon dioxide to the lungs
Carries metabolic wastes to the kidneys
Circulatory system
Exchanges gases with the environment supplying the bloody with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide.
Respiratory system
The integumentary system protects against:
Physical injury
Infection
Excessive heat or cold
Drying out
Supports the body
Protects organs such as the brain and lungs
Provides the framework for muscle movement.
The skeletal system
Moves the body
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Muscular system
Removes waste products from the blood
Urinary system
Regulates the chemical makeup, pH nd water balance of blood.
Urinary system
Excretes urine
Urinary system
Ingests ad digests food
Absorbs nutients
Eliminates undigested material
Digestive system
Secretes hormones that regulate body activities.
Endocrine system
Protects body from infection and cancer
Lymphatic and immune systems
Coordinates body activities by detecting stimuli, integrating infrmation, and directing responses.
Nervous stimuli
Produces gametes and sex hormones.
Reproductive system
The skin consists of two layers.
The epidermis and dermis
The active maintenance of a steady state within the body.
Homeostasis
Keep internal variables steady and permit only small fluctuations around set points.
Negative-feedback
