Chapter 21

Question 0

Waste is put on or in the ground and is covered with at least 6 inches of earth

Answer 0

Landfill

Question 1

The total of all the materials (commonly called trash, refuse, or garbage) thrown away from homes and small businesses

Answer 1

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

Question 2

Water percolating through the trash and picking up pollutants

Answer 2

Leaching

Question 3

The water with various pollutants

Answer 3

Leachate

Question 4

The federal program with the responsibility for cleaning up sites that are in imminent danger of jeopardizing human health through groundwater contamination

Answer 4

Superfund

Question 5

Two-thirds methane and the rest is hydrogen and carbon dioxide, a highly flammable mixture

Answer 5

Biogas

Question 6

Contains most of the toxic substances and can be safely put into a landfill

Answer 6

Fly ash

Question 7

From the bottom of the boiler; can be used as fill in some construction sites and roadbeds

Answer 7

Bottom ash

Question 8

Defined by the EPA as “the practice of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, or using materials in ways that reduce the amount of toxicity of trash created

Answer 8

Source reduction

Question 9

A process in which the original waste material is made back into the same material (newspaper recycled to make newsprint)

Answer 9

Primary recycling

Question 10

Waste materials are made into different products that may or may not be recyclable (cardboard from waste newspapers)

Answer 10

Secondary recycling

Question 11

The glass in MSW is primarily in the form of containers, most of which held beverages

Answer 11

Glass Recycling and Bottle Laws

Question 12

Facilitate the recycling or reuse of beverage container

Answer 12

Bottle laws

Question 13

Turned into carpets, jackets, film, strapping, and new bottles

Answer 13

Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE; code 1).

Question 14

Becomes irrigation drainage tiles, sheet plastic, and recycling bins

Answer 14

High-density polyethylene (HDPE; code 2)

Question 15

The purpose is to sort a mixed stream of waste materials (cans, bottles, newspapers, etc.) for eventual recycling. In 2010, there were 633 MRFs operating in the United States, handling over 98,000 tons of MSW a day.

Answer 15

Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs)

Question 16

This act gave jurisdiction over solid waste to the Bureau of Solid Waste Managemen

Answer 16

Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965

Question 17

This act gave jurisdiction over waste management to the newly created EPA and directed attention to recycling programs

Answer 17

Resource Recovery Act of 1970

Question 18

This act gives the EPA the power to close local dumps and set regulations for landfills

Answer 18

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976

Question 19

This act addressed abandoned hazardous-waste sites

Answer 19

Superfund Act of 1980

Question 20

This gave the EPA greater responsibility to set solid-waste criteria for all hazardous-waste facilities

Answer 20

Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984

Question 21

A system that uses several approaches to deal with our nation’s solid waste problems; it focuses on source reduction, recycling, materials recovery facilities, waste-to- energy combustion, composting, and landfill performance

Answer 21

Integrated Waste Management

Question 22

Program which focuses on waste reduction and recycling

Answer 22

Waste Wise

Question 23

A program for bringing about waste reduction. EPR is a concept that involves assigning some responsibility for reducing the environmental impact of a product at each stage of its “life cycle,” especially the end

Answer 23

Extended Product Responsibility (EPR)

Question 24

Introduced by Congress giving local and state governments the authority to limit or prohibit out-of- state wastes transported to landfills

Answer 24

Solid Waste Interstate Transportation Act of 2009