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AP Environmental Science > Chapter 1-Science and the Environment > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Science and the Environment Flashcards

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0
Q

Goods like food and fuel

A

Provisioning resources

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1
Q

The natural and managed ecosystems that provide essential goods and services to human enterprise

A

Ecosystem capital

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2
Q

Processes like flood protection

A

Regulating services

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3
Q

Nonmaterial benefits like recreation

A

Cultural services

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4
Q

Those due to human activities

A

Anthropogenic greenhouse gases

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5
Q

Aimed at curbing pollution from the release of chlorofluorocarbons refrigerants into the atmosphere

A

Montreal Protocol (1987)

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6
Q

One hundred and sixty six nations met in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997. Treaty was ratified in 2004 to reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases

A

Kyoto Protocol

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7
Q

Variability among living organisms

A

Biodiversity

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8
Q

The study of how the world works (most multidisciplinary of all the sciences)

A

Environmental Science

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9
Q

Doing too much of any one activity

A

Cumulative impacts

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10
Q

Not paying attention to how the world works

A

Unintended consequences

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11
Q

Marked by increasing awareness of the environment

A

Environment Movement

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12
Q

Persons and organizations with a strong focus on environmental concerns

A

Environmentalist

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13
Q

The widespread development of the environmental movement

A

Environmentalism

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14
Q

Deal with how we should conceptualize our task of forging a sustainable future

A

Strategic themes

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15
Q

The basis for our understanding of how the world works and how human systems interact with it (scientific method)

A

Sound science

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16
Q

The practical goal that our interactions with the natural world that we should be working toward

A

Sustainability

17
Q

The actions and programs that manage natural resources and human well-being for the common good

A

Stewardship

18
Q

Can be continued indefinitely, without depleting any of the material or energy resources required to keep it running

A

Sustainable

19
Q

To harvest resources but stay within the capacity of the population to grow and replace itself

A

Sustainable yields

20
Q

Entire natural systems that persist and thrive over time by recycling nutrients and by using the Sun as a source of sustainable energy

A

Sustainable ecosystems

21
Q

A society in a balance with the natural world, continuing generation after generation, neither depleting its resource base by exceeding sustainable yield nor producing pollutants in excess of nature’s capacity to absorb them

A

Sustainable society

22
Q

Development or progress that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

A

Sustainable development

23
Q

The continued improvement of human well-being

A

Development

24
Q

Meeting the needs of the present, but future generations are seen equally deserving

A

Equity

25
Q

The concerns of sociologists, economists, and ecologist must interact in order to achieve sustainable solutions in a society

A

Sustainable solutions

26
Q

Concerned mainly with growth, efficiency, and the optimum use of resources

A

Economists

27
Q

Mainly focus on human needs and on concepts like equity, empowerment, social cohesion, and cultural identity

A

Sociologists

28
Q

Show their greatest concern for preserving the integrity of natural systems, for living within the carrying capacity of your environment, and for dealing effectively with pollution

A

Ecologists

29
Q

Evaluates the ability of nations to protect the environment, produced by Yale (1999-2005), evaluated a society’s natural resources and its stewardship of those resources and the people they support

A

Environmental Sustainability Index

30
Q

The foundation of all science and scientific discovery

A

Observation

31
Q

Sets up situations to make systematic observations regarding causes and effects

A

Experimentation

32
Q

(Educated guess) is tested through observation or experimentation

A

Hypothesis

33
Q

Logically consistent with all observations, can suggest or predict certain events, and represents a valid interpretation of reality; explains the why

A

Theory

34
Q

The universe functions according to certain basic principles that remain consistent through time and space; principles by which we can define and predict the behavior of matter and energy

A

Natural laws (concrete)

35
Q

Perfectly valid explanations of data gathered from the natural world, and they can be predictive, but they never reach the status of laws (true but not testable)

A

Concepts

36
Q

Information that is presented as valid science, but that does not conform to the rigors of the methods and practice of legitimate science

A

Junk science

37
Q

Wrote a book “Silent Spring” in 1962 which altered the public about the dangers of pesticides and their role in decimating bird populations

A

Rachel Carson

38
Q

Farmer in El Salvador who organized opposition to a damaging mining operation by the Canadian mining company Pacific Rim. Received the 2011 Goldman Environmental Prize

A

Francisco Pineda

39
Q

The first Kenyan woman to earn a PhD, founded the Green Belt movement that has planted 30 million trees in that country. She received a Noble Piece Prize in 2004, the first environmental activist to receive that honor

A

Dr. Wangari Maathai

40
Q

The placement of east sites and other hazardous industries in towns and neighborhoods in which most of the residents are nonwhite. Wealthier, politically active white communities get more facility improvements

A

Environmental racism

41
Q

The accelerating interconnectedness of human economies, ideas, cultures

A

Globalization

AP Environmental Science (8 decks)

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