Chapter 21-25 Flashcards
What risk factors are in influence the incident of mental health?
Genetic biological and environmental
What connotes mental health?
It is shaped by social norms, that evolve from generation to generation
What does the western culture think of mental illness?
Any deviation of normative functions of the senses is indicative of a psychotic disorder
What is the definition of mental health?
 There’s no universally accepted definition
Widely excepted parameters, for what behaviors can note psychopathology must be used to measure mental illness in a population, incident, morbidity, and mortality
Who developed a standardized measurement for the diagnostic criteria to describe mental illnesses?
American psychiatric Association created the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, the DSM five
What is the leading cost of disability worldwide?
Psychiatric disorders
Every year how much of the worlds population suffers from a major mental illness
1/3
In what country threes is the projected lifetime risk of developing a major mental illness highest
Where the population is subject to sustained violence
What causes fragmentation in the in the delivery of mental health and prevent money from receiving of appropriate care
Stigma surrounding diagnosis and inequities in mental health benefits
Who has the highest rate of unmeet psychiatric care?
Elderly
People in rural areas
Ethnic minorities
What are some social consequences of failure to identify and treat mental illness?
Truancy
Incarceration
Addiction
Unplanned pregnancy
Poverty
Suicide
What are the major mental disorders grouped in?
Thought disorder
Mood disorder
Anxiety disorder
Further complicated by substance-abuse dementia and medical conditions
Who is at a high risk population for mental illness?
Unemployed, poor and homeless, have higher levels of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and substance abuse
Why has the number of mentally ill clients who are homeless steadily increased in the US?
The government embarked on a systemic plan to deinstitutionalized the mentally ill
What are implications of an increased risk for schizophrenia?
Monozygotic twins
Pregnancy complications
Viral infection
Early childhood stress
Head injury
Cannabis abuse
When do symptoms of schizophrenia typically appear
Late adolescence, or young adulthood persist throughout life, causing significant impairment
What are some symptoms of schizophrenia?
Sleep disturbances, anxiety, irritability, deterioration in the role functioning, depressed mood, social withdrawal, poor concentration, suspiciousness, loss of motivation, and perceptual disturbances
What is the theory of early intervention?
Is that repeated episodes of psychosis are toxic to the brain they produced debilitating cognitive effects in early intervention, may minimize the effects
How can one have an early intervention program for the first episode of psychosis?
Mitigating the chronic
Debilitating course
Improve long-term outcomes
Identify those at risk
What is early intervention programs, and for the first episode of psychosis
Specialized teams of professionals whose primary goal is to maintain the individuals, current level of educational and vocational functioning through early treatment
What is the intervention program goal in the first episode of psychosis?
Enhancing treatment, adherence and schizophrenia
What is the most common factor associated with relapse and reoccurrence of a psychotic symptoms?
Non-adherence to medication
What are some nursing interventions to enhance medication adherence
Tertiary interventions to educate regarding medication and their side effects
What are some early interventions for someone experiencing their first episode of psychosis
Second generation antipsychotics
Psychotherapies psychoeducation, cognitive, behavioral therapy, family therapy
Why is early intervention of the first episode of psychosis important
Essential to minimize, social disruptions characteristics of schizophrenia, dropping out of school or life, withdrawal from family and friends, in loss of work
What is the role of community mental health teams in treatment of schizophrenia?
To address shortcomings in the delivery of care community and mental health teams coordinate both psychosocial and psychological needs by using therapies to enhance recovery from mental illness
What are some examples of teams outpatient services that help alleviate the daily burden of care for families in the community that helped in mental health?
Respite services
Day treatment, facilities
Sheltered workshops
A
What are some social factors that play a significant prominent role in mood and anxiety disorders?
Trauma mood and substance disorder social isolation, family, and social cohesion
What ranks is one of the top causes of preventable diseases?
Suicide
What is the worldwide second leading cause of death?
Adolescent suicide
 in the US does MVA as the leading cause of death
Suicide
Who has the highest risk of suicide?
Two times higher in men, retired, divorced, white males
What is self harming cutting and burning in adolescent girls?
A fry for help
Almost half adolescence use what to complete suicides
Fire your arms
What is a mandated warning on anti-depress?
Black box
Increase risk of suicidal thinking, and behavior and channel children in adolescence
What is the risk in channel child or adolescent with mood and anxiety disorders?
Balance the risk of increased suicide and the clinical need
What is the NSSP?
National strategy for suicide prevention, federal government, public health initiative, widespread education, especially in schools
What are some nursing interventions for mood and anxiety disorders
Non-suicidal self injury, growing public health concern among adults
Highest risk, unemployed, women, high school, education, history of mood and anxiety or personality disorders
Ask direct questions, thoughts of harming, self, and specific plan
What are some symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders
Headache, backache, fatigue, G.I. sleep and appetite, disturbances, inability to feel pressure anhedonia
What differentiates ADHD from bipolar disorders
Persuasiveness of the symptoms and the predominant symptoms, overlap, disruptive, behaviors, and hyperactivity
What is a pharmacological treatment different in ADHD and bipolar
ADHD uses stimulants in bipolar, uses second generation, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers
What are symptoms of ADHD?
Hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and motor activity
What are symptoms of bipolar?
Predominant mood symptoms, irritable, anxiety, sleep disturbances
What is the multidisciplinary approach for a child with ADHD?
Teachers primary prescribers and therapists are all involved
The CDC estimates in the US how many children have autism
One in 50
What are public health initiatives for autism?
Screening early for prodromal symptoms in infancy to my gate, debilitating features and developmental delays
What do you have to be aware of in World War II veterans
PTSD awareness and debilitating effects on their mind
What were psychiatric hospitals like in the 1960s?
Scathing report conditions of state
Who made it viable for state to run a psych hospital?
Community mental health center act and fed initiatives
Why did the institutionalization occur?
A humane effort to reduce the stigma
Since the institutionalization began, there has been an outcry of frustration from nurses in the community about what
The lack of supportive services to meet the needs of people with chronic mental illnesses
What is the primary prevention of mental health?
Educate foster availability support services
What is the secondary prevention and mental health?
Screening referred to diagnostic services provide mental health services following a stressful community event
What is tertiary prevention in mental health?
Support groups, initiate health promoting activities and rehab
What is PFA?
Psychological first aid is recommended to help support survivors in first responders through natural and in intentional disasters
What do you promote in PFA?
Promote safety, calm, connect, Vanest, self efficiency, and help
What can the history of school health be tracked back to?
Lillian Wald, 1902 work in New York city, public schools, nursing services reduction of absenteeism
When was the first school nurse introduced?
Early 1900s
It’s recommended that there is how many nurses for students
One nurse per every 750 student only 41% of schools have a full-time RN
School nurses coverage average of three buildings to serve 924 to 1072 students
How many visits a day does the nurse get in a school?
100 visits per day
What is the early periodic screening diagnosis and treatment?
Part of the SS act program, mandated by federal law, passed in 1969, which required the children and adolescence, receiving Medicaid and younger than 21 years of age of access to the periodic screenings and referrals of healthcare resources for children and adolescence
What is education for all handicap children act of 1975
Passage of public law, children with chronic complex medical issues, formally, unable to attend school, are now entitled
What is the individual education plan?
Multidisciplinary plan for any children with an identified disability to receive education services meeting their needs in the least restrictive environment
What is the Americans with disability act?
Wide, ranging federal legislation enacted in 1990 that is intended to make American society more accessible to people with disabilities
What is the individuals with disabilities education act
Federal law enacted in 1990 and reauthorize in 1997
Designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities by ensuring that everyone receives as a free appropriate public education, regardless of ability
Strives for equal axis, and provide additional special education services and procedural safeguards
What is the average student succeeds act?
IDEA amended in 2015. Focus is on best teaching and learning strategies for all children, including gifted and talented students not just children with disabilities.
What is school health nursing like
Encourages positive response for normal development
Promotes health and safety
Solving actual and potential problems
Promotes academic success
Provides management services
Works with others to develop student and family adaptation self management and continued growth
Types of school health services. Most frequent for school nurse are.
Acute illnesses, injuries, typical screenings, and counseling
What is a health assessment like for a school nurse?
Individual specific for the visit
Population based periodic screening for school health program
Planning of screening immunization vision hearing past BMI
Who is in charge of the school health educator and emergency preparedness
The school nurse
What is the youth risk behavior surveillance survey?
Voluntary biannual report of the common risk behaviors, influencing the health of our nations youth used for monitoring trends, both locally and nationally
What is the school health index?
Data collection tool, how can school schools promotes physical activity, healthy eating, tobacco, free lifestyle, safety related behaviors, which counter risk, behaviors, elementary and middle and high school versions
What is the planning guide?
Identify strengths and weaknesses of health and safety, leading to development of an action plan for improvement
What are common school health concerns?
Substance use drugs, alcohol, smoking, e-cigarettes
Sexual behavior and teenage pregnancy
STI’s
Nutrition, obesity
Violence, bullying, cyber bullying suicide
How was the school nurse a child advocate?
They provide education and communication necessary to ensure that the students health and education needs are met
They implement strategies to reduce disruption in school activities
Communicate with families and healthcare providers
Ensure student receives prescribe medication’s and treatments and staff is knowledgeable about about these needs
Knowledge of federal laws ADA ID EAFER PA, and had to institute a plan to meet child needs
What is the WSCC model?
Whole school whole community whole child
Collaborative design that uses the resources of a community to provide structured preventative services, such as afterschool programs, parent outreach in crisis intervention
What is the biological hazard?
Resulting from living organisms, causing adverse effects on people
Infectious agents
Contaminated body fluids
Poisonous plants
Insect spider, scorpions, venomous, snakes
What is a chemical hazard?
Generated from liquid, solid, dust, fumes, vapors, and gases
Hazardous, drug and tax and exposure
Diesel exhaust
Aerosol
Respiration, particle matter and fumes
Take home toxins
Substances from cleaning solutions, defect and floor strippers sterilization
What is a physical hazard?
Resulting from transfer of physical energy to workers
Electric and magnetic field fields
Ultraviolet radiation
Cold and heat stress
Noise, vibration, and lighting
Falls fires, particularly inhalation, abrasive, blasting, unsafe, machinery, and equipment, inadequate, workstations, and transportation hazards
What is a psychosocial hazard?
All organizational factors and interpersonal relationships in the workplace that may affect the health of the worker
Sexual harassment
Physiological stress
Into personal problems
Assault and violent acts
Bodily reaction and exertion
What is ergonomics
City of people in their working environment
What is nanotechnology?
Manipulation of matter on a new atomic scale to produce new structures materials and devices generally defined as engineering structures, devices and systems
Promise of vast improvements and consumer products, energy material, manufacturing in medicine
What is nano material?
Things that have a length scale between one and 100 nm
Manipulation of atoms and molecules at this size materials begin to exhibit unique properties that affect physical chemical and biological behaviors
Sunscreen, clothing, furniture, adhesive, car, paint, computers, medicine, sports equipment, food, fireproofing
Nano size particles, entering the bloodstream and past the bloodstream barriers, titanium dioxide, and silver
What is a root cause an analysis?
The process of understanding, and solving a problem with the goal of determining what happened what happened and what can be done to prevent reoccurrence
What is workplace walk-through?
A survey of workplace inside and outside entry and exit sites emergency equipment potential Trouble spots
What is the national Institute of occupational safety and health NIOSH
The federal agency established to help ensure safe and healthy, working conditions by conducting scientific research, gathering information and providing education and training in occupational safety and health
What is the occupational safety and health administration OSHA?
The federal agency that sets exposure standards and is responsible for enforcement of safety and health legislation prevention of work related injuries, illness and fatalities regulation, compliance, assistance, training programs, and consultAtions
What is the American Association of occupational health nurses AAOHN
Professional association of nurses working in business, setting dedicated to the health and safety of workers, work population and community groups
What is the practice focus of the American American Association of occupational health nurses
Promotion and restoration of health prevention of injury, and illness and protection from occupational and environmental community hazards
What is the history of an occupational health nurse?
Industrial nursing Great Britain, mustard Company hired Philippa flower day as the earliest recording of a hiring an industrial nurse to work in the company, dispensary and home care for employees
What is the standards of practice for an occupational health nurse?
The primary responsibility of the OHN is that of illness and injury, prevention and health promotion, including recognition of conditions that may harm the individual worker, or the community and restoration of health
What percentage of OHN clinicians are female
95.1% female board-certified
What is a worker assessment?
Workers present job past records or exposure
What is workplace assessment?
Workplace walk-through
What is the case manager?
Coordination and management of services for ill and injured group caused analysis
What is a counselor/consultant in the OHN practice?
Investigation of all possible material and chemical hazards
What is health promotion specialist in the OHN practice?
Broad range of health promotion programs
What is the manager manager/administrator in the OHN practice?
OSHA compliance and legal responsibility, surveillance monitoring, and auditing
What is a researcher in the OHN practice?
Contributing to the future improvements of workplace practices, working with an ORA, national occupational research, agenda, research framework for NIOSH
What does an occupational health nursing process begin with?
Assessment of both the worker and workplace
What are the disciplines to help guide the occupational nurse and understanding the triad relationship
Epidemiology, toxicology industrial hygiene, and safety practices
What is the epidemiologic triad?
Host: the worker
Agent : hazards, biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial
Environment : aaron, water, quality presence, and absence of pollutants
What is the practice models?
Models of collaboration and reciprocal leadership and respectful communication through feedback from workers in the community
What is the hanasaari
OHN interaction is center moving outward to total global concept, representing flexible, influential, and improvement of workplace and community health
What is the epidemiologic surveillance?
Essential concept for occupational health includes incident, prevalence in ratios
What does incident in an epidemiological surveillance?
Complaints of symptoms, one or more workers
What is prevalent in the epidemiologic surveillance?
Burden that exists in the workplace severity of problem
What is ratios in the epidemiologic surveillance?
Comparison of affected employees from one facility to another, or another state or country
What is the epidemiologic studies?
Cohort perspectives in case control retrospectives outcome already occurred what agents may cause
What are the goals of an OHN and emergency preparedness in planning?
Anticipate emergencies established clear instructions to employees emergency, escape routes, identification of workers/visitors with or without disabilities vulnerability analysis of types of resources for all natural human or technology made emergency
In ancient times, what serve as a primary source of health and illness care
Families and religious communities
The first hospitals were established by who
Religious groups in monasteries
What is the uniqueness of faith communities?
Relationship with the clergy and Faith community as a community
What is perish nursing
Specialty practice of nursing, having registered nurse contribute to the health and wholeness of people in the context of a faith community. It’s a part of the ministry staff of the congregation and serves the illness of individual people families in the entire Faith community.
Our Faith community, nursing equivalent, to parish nursing
Yes, it is used in settings in which the word perish may have no meaning or association
What does Faith community nursing focus on?
The MINDBODY and spiritual care for individual people and groups associated with the congregation
What is spiritual care?
Care of the human spirit that may include dealing with the meaning of health, illness or loss in relationship with God and others, and that which the goal of peace, health, promotion, disease, prevention, and health screening and teaching
What is an integrator of faith and health?
Values vocal practices in faith are a part of health
What is a personal health counselor?
The body mind and spirit of community members are primary focus of nursing in faith communities
What is an accessor and developer of faith-based nursing?
Create support groups
Who is the scope and standards of practice of a faith-based nurse function?
Function by virtue of their license to practice nursing
Function more independently
Ethical principles or universal
Support planning, programming and prioritizing activities from healthy people
 what is the congregation based model of of faith community practice
Fake past years, serving a particular faith, community by virtue of a contract or job description supports the concept of faith based nurse who can be paid or serve as a volunteer
What is an institution based model of the faith community practice?
The Faith community nurse, serving a health system hospital community with assignment to particular congregational settings. In this matter, the parish or faith base nurse serves as a lesion and helps plan and coordinate care, particularly at times of transition.
What is the international parish nurse resource center?
Has developed a curriculum that can be delivered in a continuing education, format or through more formal academic program for college credit
