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Community > Chapter 11-15 > Flashcards

Chapter 11-15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of community?

A

Group of people/aggregate who live in the same area with identified boundaries

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2
Q

What is the definition of geopolitical?

A

Sharing geographic boundaries and governing structures

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3
Q

What is the definition of phenomenological

A

Sharing, interest, or belief/enter and intrapersonal connections
Church community underserved population

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4
Q

What is the definition of communities of solution?

A

Formed by a group of people to address, common interest, beliefs, or needs

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5
Q

What is a society nation or international or global communities?

A

Broader general context, shared government(US) global(shared interest in health and safety)

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6
Q

What are community assessments used for?

A

Understand who is at risk who may need social support after a traumatic event

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7
Q

What do community assessments include?

A

Examination of a specific group of people and their influence
Biologic, psychological, sociology, cultural and environmental influences

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8
Q

Is there a specific framework/model or a particular approach to assessing a community?

A

It depends on the type of community to be assessed

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9
Q

Who uses framework or combinations of framework together community data

A

 nurses, social workers epidemiologist, genetic counselors

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10
Q

 what is the epidemiologic approach to community assessment?

A

Help identify patterns of health and iniquity to assist in determining trends

Describing the health of a population
Determining relationships that can predict health and illness
Developing and testing interventions and power communities to affect change

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11
Q

What is the geographical information system

A

Drawing relationships and associations important to community assessment
Visual maps of deficiencies in the USA

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12
Q

What is a community report report card?

A

Provide a snapshot of overall health and well-being of the community, using indicators of local social and health trends

Ex.
Health is a community
Safety of the community
Access to healthcare
Economics of the community

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13
Q

 public health, nurses community assessments are often what

A

Informal

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14
Q

What is the windshield survey?

A

Observation of a community while driving a car or riding public transit to collect data up for community assessment
Often referred to as learning about a community on foot

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15
Q

The community as partner framework uses, what kind of approach

A

A systems approach with a focus on partnership to effect change

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16
Q

Eight parts of a community are interdependent systems what are they

A

Physical environment
Health and social services
Economy
Transportation
Safety
Politics and government
Communication
Education
Recreation

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17
Q

What is the functional health status approach?

A

Evaluates functional health patterns in the community, a deliberate and systemic approach

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18
Q

In the functional health status approach what is assessment used as

A

A form of evaluation

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19
Q

In a functional health status approach what is pattern represented by

A

Represents a configuration of behaviors

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20
Q

In the functional health status approach what is understanding

A

Understanding of the patterns allows insight to help groups, respond to a problem, and how they react to a problem

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21
Q

What is the developmental approach?

A

Use of retrospective historical approach to understand, cultural changes over time to provide information for future initiatives

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22
Q

What can looking at a past historical report describe

A

Cultural changes within the community or aggregate overtime and helps to plan for the future

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23
Q

What is the assets based approach?

A

Identifies community resources and strengths along with the community needs

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24
Q

What is the collaborative model?

A

Involves assessment by an interdisciplinary team and members of the community

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25
Q

What is Care management?

A

Coordination of a plan or process to bring health services together as a common hole in a cost efficient way

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26
Q

What is case management?

A

Development and coordination of care for selected client and family

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27
Q

What is Home healthcare?

A

Part of a continuum of care where clients have the opportunity to live and move through experiences of subacute chronic end-of-life care in palliative care

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28
Q

The caregiving at home care settings is often manage and directed by who

A

A registered nurse

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29
Q

How is many aspects of care in both geriatric and hospice homes individualized

A

By using a case management approach

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30
Q

The caregiving in a home care setting is what

A

Interdisciplinary in nature

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31
Q

What is interdisciplinary care?

A

Various members of the healthcare team, not just nurses contribute to their expertise to the client management in the home

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32
Q

What is a private/voluntary not for profit type of agency

A

VNA profit margin reinvested to agency

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33
Q

What is a hospital base type of agency?

A

Profit or nonprofit/health, promotion and prevention
Primary acute ER, chronic care in-house or offsite home

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34
Q

What is a proprietary for profit type of agency?

A

Makes money, local national international chains, home health aids, housekeeping services

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35
Q

What is official agencies?

A

Supported by public money and taxes, those with Little access to other care

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36
Q

What are financing home healthcare services reimbursed by?

A

Local state federal funds private insurance is in private individuals

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37
Q

 what is Medicare specific criteria for financing and regulation of home care

A

Homebound-ability to leave home
Plan of care -lengthy assessment
Skilled needs -physical physiological functional needs by professional
Intermittent needs -skilled care needs for intermittent times days weeks
Medical necessity -reasonable care services

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38
Q

What are the standards of care?

A

Key elements of nursing process

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39
Q

What are the standards of professional performance?

A

Unique standard to help patients and families engage and be consumers of healthcare through empowering education on health, promotion, disease, prevention, and risks and benefits of home care

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40
Q

What is telehealth

A

Form of electronic communication used to deliver
Acute care and specialty consultations
Home Tele nursing
Electronic referrals to specialist and expert health facilities

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41
Q

What is an assisted-living living?

A

 Cassie independent living with public health nurse availability

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42
Q

What is home visits to the homeless?

A

Shelters in street care

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43
Q

What is Parrish/Faith community nursing

A

In-home care negotiated by Faith leader

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44
Q

What is the first phase of a home visit?

A

Initiating the visit

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45
Q

What is the second phase of a home visit?

A

Preparation
Equipment directions personal safety

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46
Q

What is the third phase of a home visit?

A

The in-home visit
Assessing the patient safety also
Assessing for risk of medication error
Assessing for risk of falls
Assessing for risk of abuse and neglect

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47
Q

What do you assess in the third phase the in-home visit of a home visit

A

Assessing the patient safety also
Assessing for risk of medication error
Assessing for risk of falls
Assessing for risk of abuse and neglect

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48
Q

What is the fourth phase of a home visit?

A

Termination of the visit

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49
Q

What is the fifth phase of a home visit?

A

Post visit planning

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50
Q

What are the five phases of a home visit?

A

Initiating the visit
Preparation
The in-home visit
Termination of the visit
Post visit planning

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51
Q

Who do the members of the home care team include?

A

Nurse, patient, family, friends and neighbors

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52
Q

What is the culture of a nurse family interaction in home care

A

What are the cultural patterns/practices/routines to be aware of

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53
Q

What do you have to look look for in a nurse family interaction of homecare

A

What the responses are to difficult situations
What if any disagreements and care?
Agency keep status secure

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54
Q

What protects privacy confidentiality insecurity in a nurse family interaction in home care

A

HIPAA

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55
Q

What is contracting in a nurse family interaction in home care

A

Plan is mutually acceptable to meet goals

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56
Q

What are the key chronic conditions in quality improvement and healthcare
Care in the home includes complexity of

A

Family caregivers need for education regarding disease
Environment, assessing for safety
Nurses attention to consistent assessment and intervention
When to call for help?
“Ask me three questions “

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57
Q

What is Family 🏠?

A

Two or more persons, who share emotional closeness, and identify themselves as a member of the family
They decide who they are, and set boundaries

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58
Q

What is the family systems theory?

A

Interactive members and with their environment and community church, etc.

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59
Q

What is the family structural functional theory

A

Determine family structure in the essential function/basic needs (food structure, additional members, active influenced, socialization, economics, and healthcare, promotion, and protection)

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60
Q

What is the family developmental theory?

A

Lifecycle theory/predictable 18 years old. Get a job education/vocation. Leave home get married have 2.3 kids.

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61
Q

Can you predict contemporary family development/stages and time?

A

No

62
Q

What are changes in family life cycle?

A

Leaving home
Moving back in
Economics

63
Q

What are changes in family structure?

A

Single parent families
 blended families
Cohabitating couples and families
Gay and lesbian families
Homeless families

64
Q

What is the family systems nursing FSN?

A

Conceptual framework to promote family nursing practice

65
Q

How do you view the family in a family systems nursing theory

A

Is a unit of care
Assess impact of health impact of suffering from illness and family function
Try and understand family relationship interaction

66
Q

In a family nursing theory, what is a structural assessment of

A

Family 🏠 composition, Extended external connections and context of cultural race, religion, spiritual environment

67
Q

What is the family assessment?

A

Calgary family assessment model can assist with a visual of genogram and ego math

68
Q

What is a genogram?

A

Family structure usually two generations

69
Q

What is Eco maps?

A

Outline of influences of other systems, or groups on the family

70
Q

What is family interventions?

A

Calgary family interventions, model of cognitive domain, effective domain and behavioral domain

71
Q

What is a cognitive domain?

A

Changes in the way family perceives health problem

72
Q

What is effective domain?

A

Harness is feelings and emotions to be able to cope and problem solved

73
Q

What is behavioral domain?

A

Action/doing to change behaviors to promote healthy coping adjustments, and family functioning

74
Q

What is a family interview? Focus.

A

Assessments and interventions focus is to enhance, improve and sustain family functioning
Establishment of collaborative partnership, and respect to gain trust
Use of therapeutic conversation, focused on family, strength and resilience
No standard or preplanned interventions

75
Q

In a family interview, there are five leading principles. What are they?

A

Manners
Therapeutic conversation
Eco maps and genograms
Therapeutic questions
Acknowledging family strengths

76
Q

What is manners in a family interview?

A

Common courtesy

77
Q

What is therapeutic conversation in a family interview?

A

Purposeful focus conversation 15 minute interview

78
Q

What is ecomaps in genograms in a family interview?

A

Invaluable visual

79
Q

What is therapeutic questions in a family interview?

A

Allow Family 🏠 to identify their expectations

80
Q

What is acknowledging family strengths in a family interview?

A

Encourage reminded family of their assets enabling Family 🏠 to view the situation differently

81
Q

What is the nurse family partnership program?

A

Evidence based community health program, focus on maternal child health for the vulnerable, low income, expectant, first time mothers in their newborns

82
Q

 what is a family focused home visiting in a community based nurse family partnership goals

A

Improve pregnancy outcomes
Improve child, health and development
Improve the economic self-sufficiency of the family

83
Q

What is caregiver burden?

A

24 seven care
Significant stress
Caregivers may feel trapped, isolated, overwhelmed no one to help them
Family caregivers in need of education and support

84
Q

In a community health, nurses responsibility to the families family assessments require

A

Flexibility to include key informants, and for the location and timing of the interview

85
Q

In community health, nurses responsibility to the families what must you remember?

A

Family health practices routines in responses to difficult situations involved from complex environmental and interpersonal interactions
Significant events can put family health at risk

86
Q

The need to prevent and control epidemic of infectious diseases, such as cholera, typhus and influenza, led to

A

Advances in purifying, drinking water, waste control, plenty full foods, immunization, and drug therapy

87
Q

 what infectious diseases remain in the top 10 causes of death in the US

A

Influenza + pneumonia

88
Q

Healthy people, 2020 is what

A

Specific goals to prevent and control, infectious diseases designed to reduce morbidity mortality, and causes associated with infectious diseases

89
Q

What does WHO statistics about aging populations

A

Middle and low income countries/next year deaths will be due to noncommunicable diseases will rise significantly

90
Q

Why are noncommunicable diseases on the rise?

A

New pathogenic organisms have emerge
New strains of known organisms have emerged and are more resistant to antibiotics
Infectious disease has emerged as a form of terrorism

91
Q

 what are influences of emerging, and re-emerging infectious diseases

A

Microbial, adaptation and change
Human suceptability to infection
Climate changing, ecosystems human behavior
Travel, technology industry
Outbreaks of emerging, and re-emerging infections

92
Q

What is the germ theory of disease?

A

Specific organisms cause specific diseases

93
Q

What is the epidemiologic triad?

A

What: agent microbe that causes the disease
Who : host, human, or animal, or insect harrowing the infectious agent
Where : environment, external factors, allowing the transmission

94
Q

What is the chain of infection

A

A portal of exit from the infected person or animal
A means of transmission
A portal of entry to susceptible host

95
Q

Infectious disease may or may not be contagious or communicable for a disease to be communicable or contagious there must be

A

Epidemiologic triad + the chain of infection

96
Q

What is the agent in the chain of infection

A

Biological agents, bacteria, viruses fungi

97
Q

What is pathogenicity in the chain of infection

A

 ability of the infectious agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host

98
Q

What is infectivity of the chain of infection?

A

Ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate, dependent on the root of entry and host susceptibility

99
Q

What is invasiveness in the chain of infection

A

Ability of the agent to destroy body cells

100
Q

What is toxicity in the chain of infection

A

Ability of the agent to produce toxins

101
Q

What is virulence in the chain of infection

A

Severity of the infectious disease resulting from exposure to the agent

102
Q

For the host in the chain of infection what is portals of entry and exit

A

Skin eyes, respiratory G.I. genital, vertical transmisson fecal, oral he a indirect contact with infected fecal material

103
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Parent to offspring

104
Q

In the host of the chain of infection, what is the incubation? Period.

A

Multiplication. An infection occurs exposure to signs and symptoms.

105
Q

What is the incubation period for influenza?

A

24 to 72 hours after virus enters

106
Q

When is influenza communicable

A

One day prior to symptoms and 3 to 7 days after symptoms start

107
Q

What is the environment in the chain of infection?

A

Reservoirs of infectious agents microbes
Humans, animals plants, insects, water, soil

108
Q

Can microbes change

A

Microbes are adaptable and change for survival and replication

109
Q

What is transmission in the chain of infection

A

Infectious agent, transmitted from the reservoir to the host

110
Q

What is airborne in the chain of infection?

A

Small particles, droplet nuclei breathe in
Tb

111
Q

What is direct transmission?

A

Surface to body contact STDs

112
Q

What does indirect transmission?

A

Vehicles (inanimate) vectors, (animals, animals and insects)

113
Q

What is droplet transmission?

A

Contact transmission droplets from sneezing and coughing

114
Q

What is the carrier in the chain of infection Faye

A

A person or animal who harbor the infectious organism transmits the organism to others, while having no symptoms of the disease

115
Q

What is the incubation period in the chain of infection

A

Time period between initial contact with the infectious agent, and the appearance of the first signs or symptoms of the disease

116
Q

What is the colonization of the chain of infection Faye

A

The presence in multiplication of infectious organisms without invading or causing damage to tissue infection, Asian is present and no clinical signs

117
Q

What is a endemic

A

Infection or infectious agent prevalent with a population or geographic area

118
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

Referred to as an outbreak, a significant increase in infection, or infectious disease beyond the endemic level significant increases in the number of new cases of disease. Then past experiences would have predicted for that place time or population.

119
Q

What is a pandemic

A

Infectious disease over country or worldwide

120
Q

How does one establish the existence of an outbreak?

A

Comparison of the incident of cases with baseline observed rates must be greater than expected level

121
Q

When did smallpox happen?

A

1977

122
Q

In an outbreak investigation, what is Describing cases by person, place or time

A

Demographic variable, such as age, sex, occupation, exposure, used to compare the characteristics of those who develop an infection in those who do not

123
Q

In an outbreak investigation, what is a common source outbreak?

A

From the same origin, same person or vehicle as the reservoir, or means of transmission

124
Q

What is propagated outbreak?

A

Infection, transmitted from person to person over a long period of time, then a common source
Measles

125
Q

What is secondary infections?

A

Infection occurring during or after treatment for another infection

126
Q

What was healthcare associated infections previously known as

A

Nosocomial infection

127
Q

What is the estimated significant morbidity and mortality of healthcare associated infections?

A

One in every 20 inpatient has an infection related to healthcare

128
Q

What are some examples of healthcare associated infections

A

UTIs catheter Assoc
SSI surgical site
Bloodstream infections, central lines
Pneumonia

129
Q

What is the foodborne disease?

A

Involves biologic and non-biological agents microorganisms in their taxes, marine organisms, and their toxins, fungi, and chemical contaminants
Run undercooked foods and animal sources

130
Q

How many people get sick our hospitals lied, and die from foodborne diseases

A

48 million people yearly get sick 128,000 or hospitalized in 3000 die

131
Q

What are some common foodborne diseases?

A

Campylobacter infection
Listeria monocytogenes
Non-typhoid salmonella
E. coli

132
Q

What is campylobacter infection from

A

Leading cause, contaminated, poultry

133
Q

What is listeria monocytogenes from

A

Safe, food, prep consumption and storage

134
Q

What is nine typhoid salmonella cause

A

Diarrhea fever abdominal pain for 4 to 7 days

135
Q

What does E. coli cause?

A

Deadly, fatal, hemolytic, ureic syndrome
Anemia, profuse, bleeding, and renal failure

136
Q

How many people lack safe water services?

A

884

137
Q

Cholera and diarrhea diseases is the second leading cause of what

A

Death jn children

138
Q

What is the drinking water outbreak?

A

Associated with legionella in plumbing systems, in untreated groundwater

139
Q

What is recreational water outbreaks?

A

Chemical or infectious pathogen exposure, hot tubs, pool, spas, untreated, lakes, and oceans

140
Q

What is among the lead leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US?

A

STDs they affect men and women of all backgrounds and economic levels

141
Q

The actual rate of infection of sexually transmitted diseases is what

A

Maybe choice them reported, rate undiagnosed, or untreated, annual surveillance report captures only a fraction of true burden

142
Q

 for women with sexually transmitted diseases. What do you have to watch out for?

A

Undetected with no symptoms can cause a long-term health consequences

143
Q

How do you prevent foodborne diseases?

A

Basics of handling food safely pasteurizing safe shopping storage prep, thawing cooking serving leftovers, and refreezing

144
Q

How do you prevent waterborne diseases?

A

Community water systems regulated by EPA

145
Q

How do you prevent STDs?

A

CDC provides an effective system for STD prevention to assist community/public health professionals in a design implementation and evaluation of STD prevention and control programs

146
Q

What some recent, emerging infectious diseases in the last 40 years

A

Toxic shock syndrome
Legionnaires disease
Aids
Lyme disease
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
E. coli
Strep
Mad cows, disease
Influenza the Spanish flu
Ebola
SARS
The bird flew
The swine flu
Covid
Zika virus
Tuberculosis
West Nile virus

147
Q

What is the US DHHS?

A

US public health infrastructure that develops policies to protect the nations health

148
Q

What is the CDC?

A

Major USD,HHS agency that develops guidelines that promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling diseases, injury, and disabilities

149
Q

What is surveillance?

A

A continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public and the purpose of primary prevention illness

150
Q

What are some reemerging vaccine preventable diseases?

A

Measles
Mumps
Rubella
B
Pertussis, whooping cough

151
Q

What are some antibiotic resistant microorganisms?

A

CDIFF
TB
GONORRHEA

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