Chapter 16-20 Flashcards
1
Q
What is violence?
A
Act committed by a person against another person in which there is a conscious choice to act violently, considered intentional
2
Q
Why do people act violent?
A
They have a need for power and control
3
Q
How many deaths a year does the US have per related to firearm violence?
A
32,000
4
Q
Some contributing factors to gun violence
A
Low income, lack of education and employment
5
Q
What is IVP
A
Intimate, partner violence
6
Q
What is violence against women considered globally
A
A human rights violation
7
Q
How often does a woman experience violence?
A
60% of women report at least one time of a violent interaction
8
Q
The murder of women called
A
Femicide
9
Q
Majority of women killed by a gun was from intimate partner, called
A
Femicide murder of woman
10
Q
Intimate partner violence in women health can cause
A
Diagnosis of depression, panic, chronic pain, migraines, reproductive, corrosion
11
Q
Health consequences in children who witness abuse is what
A
35 to 60% of witness will find Mom dead have also been physically or sexually abused
12
Q
What is the lethality risk assessment?
A
Ask if there are any firearms use of illicit drugs, unemployment stuff, children in the house, or threats to kill
13
Q
What are screening and counseling intervention strategies of intimate partners?
A
AMA
Ana
American College of o obstetricians in gynecologist
Association of women’s health obstetric and neonatal nurses establishing program to screen
14
Q
When screening and counseling for intimate partner violence, do what
A
Specific open questioning or direct questioning
15
Q
What is safety assessment in planning an intimate partner of violence
A
Be able to screen for safety and dangerous situations be aware of available resources and referrals/crisis disaster, plan
16
Q
 when any healthcare provider suspects that abuse of an elderly person, a child, or a person with a disability has occurred he or she is what
A
Mandy to report the abuse to the appropriate agency
17
Q
Data collected on mandated reporting of the use represents what
A
Reported cases and not actual numbers of not reported
18
Q
What percentage of children are neglected, have poor hydration of poor nutrition
A
74.8%
19
Q
What percentage of children are physically abused
A
18.2%
20
Q
What percentage of children are sexually abused
A
8.5%
21
Q
Who is an early identification of child male treatment
A
School nurses, visiting nurses, pediatric nurses and public health nurses
22
Q
Who has a higher rate of elderly abuse
A
Female elders, abused at a higher rate
The older one is the rate increases
23
Q
What is elder abuse?
A
His treatment neglect and abuse intentional actions against an elderly patient
24
Q
What percentage of women are sexually assaulted in their lifetime
A
70%
50% higher than the rest of the population
25
What has research for violence been?
Quasi-experimental and descriptive design, rather than randomized control trials
26
What is dove?
Domestic violence, enhanced home visitation program
27
What are some characteristics of the dove program intervention?
Taylor structured brochure: cycle of violence
Available woman options
Factors associated with risk for homicide
Safety planning
Intimate partner violence local resources 
National hotline numbers
28
What is human trafficking?
Recruitment harrowing, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of commercial sex act labor or services 
29
what are mental and physical health issues from human trafficking
PTSD, anxiety, depression, suicide, physical manifestations
30
What are potential indicators red flags of human trafficking?
No id
Someone speaking for them
Doesn’t know where they are
Signs of abuse and neglect
31
Advanced training of a forensic nurse includes and focuses on
Taking a history of the assault
Collecting evidence
Providing treatment and follow up
32
What is SANE programs
Sexual assault, nurse, examiner/nationally certified to care for victims of sexual assault
33
What is CARE clinic at bringing him and women’s hospital in in Boston?
MA: approaches to mitigate health consequences
34
What is the American American Academy of pediatrics?
Developed a clinical specialty and child male treatment/board certification
35
When is a person diagnosed as having substance-abuse?
When they have problems at work home and school
Problems with family or friends
Put themselves or in physical danger
Are in trouble with the law
36
What is substance use?
The use of alcohol, illicit drugs, and non-medical use of prescription medication’s
37
Illicit drugs can include what
Cannabis, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and methamphetamine
38
What is an example of non-medical use of prescription medications
Pain, relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives
39
What is substance dependence
Health and emotional problems associated with substance use
Unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use
Symptoms of tolerance or withdrawal
Reducing other activities to use the
Substance
Spending time in activities related to substance use
Using the substance in greater quantities for a longer period of time than intended
40
 The who recommends that what term along with habituation should be substituted with substance dependency
Addiction
41
What is the definition of abstinence?
If there is no use of illicit substance or alcohol in the proceeding 12 months, a person is considered abstinent
42
What is scope of substance use disorderSUD?
Mental and substance use disorder sleeting cause of non-fatal disease. Burdens in most deaths are attributed to SCUD.
43
What are public health policies to minimize harm/social harms from substance use?
They look at alcohol consumption availability, marking pricing, drinking and driving prevention in treatment
44
The public health models focuses on three interventions. What are they?
The agent : distributor of the substance
The host : the addicted person
The environment: local nationally internationally
45
Globally, alcohol, attributable, cause of death and disease and injury include what
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Liver cirrhosis
Oral cancer
Interpersonal violence
Self harm
Poisoning
Unintentional injuries
46
Approximately how many people suffer from drug use disorder
29.5 million
47
What poses the greatest risk for population health and social harm
Self administered injection of illicit substances
They can get HEB C, HIV, and TB, which is the leading morbidity with those who inject
48
The United States accounts, for how much of all opiate deaths worldwide
1/4
49
What is the national scope of substance use?
Peaks in young adults, hood, and Waynes with age
50
How are alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, and illicit drugs viewed
Alcohol: viewed as normative or restricted
Cannabis : most frequently use illicit drug
Tobacco : significantly declined use over the last decade
Illicit drugs : available and easy to obtain
51
How many Americans use or abuse cocaine opioids, hallucinogens, inhaling pain, relievers, sedatives, and stimulants
27 million
52
What is the theory of tobacco use?
That is a gateway effect to other drugs
53
What is the history of chronic pain/opioid prescription
In the 1990s it was used for treatment of chronic pain
Pain was the fifth vital sign
Shift and prescription led to escalation of use
54
In 2015, how many opioid prescriptions were written
Three times as many as in 1999
There was easy access and free from Family 🏠 friends
55
In 2016 what did the CDC issue guidelines for?
Opioids, scripts not associated with end-of-life and palliative care
56
How much annually does the United States spend on substance-abuse related services?
740 billion states spend 81.3 billion
57
Many states enacted policies, mandating, what any substance-abuse
Mandating participation in prescription drug monitoring programs/imposing stricter pain clinic regulations
58
What is the emerging population at risk for opioid overdose?
white males 35 to 44-year-old with a history of substance use disorder or psychiatric disorder
59
In 2004, what was the national recommendation for all adults in primary care for a risk for preventable diseases?
To be routine the screened using cage
60
What are the first two steps in assessing for vulnerability of addiction
First step: screening/less threatening questions related to sleep, diet and exercise may help to transition to sensitive questions depending on client
Second step: male, adaptive behavior/have they resulted in dysfunctional of health agent first used family, history of SUV
61
Who are health profiles and intervention for a high risk population
Pregnant women
Substance you said an early age
College students in binge drinking
Older adults
People who inject drugs
Methamphetamine user
62
When did the syringe exchange program begin?
1980
63
What are environmental factors of substance use?
Poverty
Lack of access
Capacity of law enforcement to constrain supply
High prescribing in rural communities
Native Americans, Alaskan, natives, and African-Americans
64
What are medication assisted treatments for alcohol?
Naltrexone : to reduce craving
Acamprostate : reduce cravings
Disulfiram: trigger, nausea, and vomiting, if alcohol is consumed with this drug
65
What are medication assisted treatments for opioid
Methadone: full, opioid, agonist
Buperonorphine( subtex) : he was in long-term recovery from opioid addiction
Naloxone: opioid agonist, temporary reversal of respiratory depression
66
What does cage stand for?
Cut down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye-opener
67
What is crafft
12 to 21-year-old recommended by the American Academy of pediatrics Breu guidelines for primary care and wealth visits as an assessment, tool, or screening tool for substance abuse
68
What is CIWA- AR
Common tool used by nurses to guide an administrating benzodiazepines for the treatment of symptoms withdrawal from CNS depressions(Ativan and Valium) score greater than 15 on three consecutive assessments, alert the service
69
What are some evidence based psychosocial treatments to substance abuse?
Motivational interviewing
Social skills training
Cognitive behavioral strategies
12 step program
70
Healthy people says, what about substance-abuse
Estimated 23 million American struggle with it
Objectives are added to track use of prescription medication‘s for non-medical purposes
Adult use increased among with adults, seeking treatment 
71
What are the healthy people findings of substance abuse?
High school seniors never using alcohol increased to 34%. Those reported never use drugs decreased those reporting using marijuana remained unchanged high risk. Alcohol use is down in high school in college students.
72
What is Genomics and underserved populations?
Understanding genetic predictors of disease, through genomics study of all genes in their interconnectedness, and how person may be disproportionately affected by illness, and how public health can help
73
What is accessibility in the context of health risks?
Shortage of adequate, appropriate and affordable, transportation, cultural, and geographic, isolation
74
What is availability in the context of health risks?
Insufficient number and diversity of formal services and providers lack of acceptable services in human services infrastructure
75
What is vulnerability in the context of health risks?
Susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm person, is in need of special care, support, or protection, because of age, disability, or risk of abuse, or in neglect
76
What are the social determinants of health and health disparities in the context of health risks?
The conditions in which people are born grow live work, and age circumstances are formed by distribution of money, power, and by local national and global resources
77
What is a health disparity?
If a health outcome is seen in a greater or lesser extent between populations, there is a disparity
78
What are social determinants of health and health disparities?
High risk mothers
Chronically, ill and disabled
People living with HIV and aids
Mentally ill people, depression, schizophrenia, PTS
Substance abuse
Homeless people
Immigrants and refugees
79
 what is vulnerability
Lacking sufficient ability to advance health, and wellness in the greater need to look to others for help
80
The underserved populations are what
Higher risk for developing health problems
Have specific health conditions like depression, PTSD, HHV, schizophrenia, substance abuse
 greater exposure to health risks because of marginalization(age, gender, social culture, status access to economic resources)
81
What are health personnel issues in the rural population?
Entry into rural is lower and fewer providers, wanting primary care shortages of the professionals
Rural populations tend to mainly populations
The elderly people have less income challenges to age in rural setting
In the occupational and environmental health problems, rural culture injuries and fatalities equipment, and weather
82
What is correctional health vulnerable underserved population in jails in prisons
All levels of prevention needed to be addressed for all people who end up in correctional facility
Most inmates are males, who are African-American or Latino?
The average age of an inmate is 37 years
An inmate is oppressed. They live in poverty, violence, and abusive child lack of education, poor self-esteem.
Exposure to violence, mental health problems, and physical abilities
There is overcrowding, security, risk, despairing attitudes, communicable diseases
After release from incarceration inmates, often faced social injustices in economic problems
83
What is social injustice?
Denial to certain populations or groups based on the beliefs of those empower and others are inferior in healthcare at manifest as disparities and access to economic, social, cultural, political, and human rights
84
What are vulnerable, gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities
Few studies, except HIV related research, particularly men
Specific questions on surveys related to sexual orientation or lacking
Recognition of same-sex heads of households is not always being included
Partners need to be included
They can have more serious, physical and mental health conditions
85
What is vulnerable veterans in health?
2 million reintegrated veterans in civilian sector
1 million veterans suffering from non-visible or visible traumas
Need nurses to understand military culture
If you forget their military experience
Difficulty admitting having needs to sign of weakness
They can suffer from PTSD, military, sexual trauma, suicide, reproductive, and renal health
86
What is vulnerable human trafficking?
Recruitment and transportation of people for exploitation
Severe consequences of depression, anxiety and chronic physical pain
Nurses role of recognizing victims and responding based on approved protocol
Maintaining safety of victim and healthcare personnel, save interview while screening do not confront the trafficking event revealed notify local, law-enforcement
87
What is the vulnerable homeless population?
Includes men, families, and children
Unemployment and under employment
Domestic violence
Abandonment
Natural, disasters and fire
Disabilities
Substance abuse, and addiction
Immigrants
Political wars
De institutionalization of the mentally ill
Try morbidity
88
When did deinstitutionalization occur?
1960s to mainstream mentally ill to society
89
What is trimorbididty
Refers to chronic illness of the homeless population from mental illness, substance addiction, and chronic physical illness
90
What is the nurses approach to homeless people?
Difficult to assess lack of address may refuse, help complications from lack of hygiene and varied environmental temperatures
Show respect and use positive approach, which built trust
Support primary secondary and tertiary prevention to make it easier to cope with difficult challenging wise
91
What is primary secondary and tertiary support of homeless people?
Primary advocacy
Secondary tuberculosis screening
Tertiary detox treatment
92
What is environmental health?
Branch of public health, science, focused on how the environment influences human health
93
What are positive human health in the environment?
Some effects are media and obvious example of water supplies after a flood
94
How does wear one lives in works affect human health in the environment?
Air, pollution, pesticide, safety issues
95
Where everyone lives, and works how much exposure to contaminants affects human health and environment
Contact to contaminants, environmental conditions may except serrate, health conditions example asthma
Environmental conditions may enhance health, stability, safety ability to exercise
96
What brought light to air and water quality
Industrialization
97
There is little to no regulation of what
Disposal of hazardous waste and industrial products by dump and bury into land, lakes, rivers, and oceans
98
When was the environmental protection act?
1970
99
When was the clean care act? And what was it?
1970 control of air, pollution, regulation of sanitation and mobile sources of air emissions
100
When and what was the clean water act?
1972 improvement of quality of the nations, water municipal in industrial wastewater, discharges, polluted runoff from urban and roll errors and habitat destruction
101
What is super fund
By the comprehensive, environmental response, compensation and liability act of 1980 allows the EPA to address and clean up, hazardous waste sites and compel responsible parties to clean up and reimburse the government for EPA lead cleanups
102
Community environment effects on Health are considered two ways, and how they frequently relate to one another
Contaminants: asbestos lead radon
Entire environment : surrounding the communities neighborhood, safety, climate, access to groceries, community, design, and effective human health
103
How do hereditary factors involve environment and genetics
Important, maybe more genetically susceptible to specific disease in the environment triggers, the response, some develop and others do not
104
How do individual human be for affect the environment?
Individuals interact with the environment, radon in basements, naturally occurring from rock, soil and water, and the behavior of smoking linked to lung cancer
105
What is healthcare without harm?
Worldwide group of health providers, raising awareness on issues for safer chemicals, disinfectants insolvent in healthcare
106
What does environmental justice?
It is the belief that no group of people should bear disproportionate share of negative, environmental health consequences regardless of race, culture income
107
How do you determine the likelihood or probability of adverse effects after the exposure to contaminants in the environment?
Your proximity to the containment or hazard, is not the only factor for a contaminant oppose a risk there must be a complicated, exposure pathway
108
There are five different exposure pathways. What are they?
Source of contamination
Environmental media and transport mechanisms
Point of expos
Root of exposure
Receptor population (people likely to be exposed)
109
What is toxicology?
Study of adverse effects of chemical, physical or biological agents on people, animals and environment
110
What is exposure estimate
Determines a persons level of exposure to a contaminant
111
What does bio availability?
The amount of contaminant that will actually end up in the systemic circulation
112
What is biome monitoring?
Process of using medical test, such as blood or urine collection to determine if a person has been exposed to a contaminant and how much exposure he or she has received
113
How do you do an assessment of of an individual when taking exposure history?
Identify current or past exposure
Eliminate exposure
Try to mitigate limit or reduce clients health effects from exposure
114
What is exposure history questioning
Present work
Past Work
Home residence
Activities, hobbies
Concerns
115
What is environmental epidemiology?
Field of Public health science, that focuses on the incidents and prevalence of disease or illness in a population for exposure in the air environments
116
What are major challenges to an environmental epidemiology study?
Limited availability of data on contaminants in their effect
Limited understanding of how exposure to multiple contaminants may sick and people
Wait and see between exposure and illness can be long
Time-consuming to perform
Resources in terms of personal money
117
Working toward healthy environments, home and community healthy communities
Worked in migrate, exposed to harmful contaminants optimize, the physical, social and economic environment of a community
118
Working toward healthy environments, home and community healthy homes
Inspection guidelines, lead, mold, mildew, radon pest management walking instead of driving use of health monitors
119
Children’s health and environment vulnerable group
Body systems are rapidly developing
Eat drink and breathe more and proportion to their body size
Breathing zone is closer to the ground
Bodies are less able to break down and excrete contaminants
Behaviors can expose them to more contaminants
Spending time outside where environmental hazards may be present
120
Developing countries bear 1/2 burden of which environmental health challenge
Air quality
121
How disasters vary from an emergency
They’re unforeseen serious, unique without a warning event
Causing human morbidity and mortality
Alleviation requires assistance from outside the community
122
What are the three types of disasters?
Natural: earthquake, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildflowers, may not be predictable
Accidental: resulting from circumstantial factors, and not usually deliberate
Terrorism : criminal act intent to cause death and serious injury, taking hostages provoking stage of terror, intimidate government
123
Although disasters do not occur with frequency, planning with vulnerability assessments can reduce the impact of community. How can one do this?
Pre-impact before
Impact during
Post impact after
All communities need to be prepared
Disaster plan is implemented and responders are deployed
124
What is the national response framework?
National incident management systems when disaster extends beyond a local and state capacity
125
What is the point of distribution or emergency dispensing site?
Centralized location to secure supplies, water, food, medical supplies, etc.
126
Who runs local groups develop in run drills
Medical reserve corpse, and community emergency response team
Groups are overseen by police and fire departments
Receive funding from FEMA 
127
What is mitigation in disaster management?
Prevention process
Prevent identified risks
Less than the impact limit less than damage, disease disability
128
What is the response in disaster management?
Begins at a local level where disaster management plan is implemented, and responders are deployed
Law-enforcement fire in ambulance cruise start triaging
Minimizing, improvising, restoring, transportation, and communication
Providing water shelter, food
Command system
129
What is field triage?
Mass casually incident/rapid assessment and treatment field disaster response measured from combat outcomes, assessed by presenting condition status color, coated, black to red
130
What is recovery in disaster management?
Timelines very depending on disaster
911 deaths still occur
Mental illness, PTSD, anxiety, depression
131
What is the nurses role in disaster response?
Important in all phases
All nurses should be familiar with disaster phases in their role
Part in mandated drills and training responses
Public health nurses practice principles of disaster response on daily basis
132
Rules of a nurse in disaster management
Become first responders
Assess community needs as events unfold
Conduct surveillance for communicable disease
Provide and control spread of disease
Maintain communication
Organizing manage
Provide on site triage
Document
133
What are biological agents in a bioterrorism?
Air or water bar, inhales or ingested easy to obtain inexpensive
Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person
They require an incubation period before symptoms appear
Difficult to diagnose and treat
High mortality rate potential for major public health impact
Cause panic and social disruption
134
What is anthrax?
A bioterrorism agent
Spore forming bacillus naturally and soil ingestion of contaminated meat, respiratory and skin, high mortality, if inhaled
135
What is botulism?
Soil and contaminated meats, low mortality
136
What is the plague
Rodents in their fleas, inhaled, spores bite, have a high mortality
137
What is smallpox?
Acutely contagious who declared eliminated in 1981 case reported considered an outbreak
138
What is Tularemia
Rated rabbits, low mortality
139
What is a viral hemorrhagic fever
Ebola rodents ticks Ebola level four
140
What is a chemical disaster?
An intentional spill
Accidental spill
Makes its presence known immediately in an explosion
Occurrence of rapidly, emerging symptoms, burns, difficulty breathing, or convulsions
141
Role of a nurse in a chemical disaster stay or go
The hazardous material involved
The population threatened
The time span involved
The current, and predicted weather conditions
The ability to communicate emergency information
142
Role of a nurse in a chemical disaster stay or go shelter in place
Shelter in place is used for a short duration incident when moving would result in a greater hazard, or is impractical for evacuation
143
Role of nurse in a chemical disaster evacuation
Occurs when there is a potential for massive explosion and fire, as well as for long, duration events
144
Role of nurse in a chemical disaster stay or go invacuation
Act of moving people somewhere safe within the building or another floor lockdown
145
What is radion energy ?
Radiation energy, form of particle or waves
Heat light radio waves microwave
146
What is ionizing radiation?
Hi, energy from electromagnet radiation small amounts are in air, food, drinking water and human body
147
What is the difference between an accidental release and an intentional release of radiologic?
Accidental release, power plants, intentional terrorism
148
The health health outcome of radiation depends on
Amount of dose of radiation, absorbed
Type
Root of exposure
Length of time exposed
149
What is a dirty bomb?
Deliberate release of radioactive agent, explosive and radioactive material ranges. Generally small usually not considered weapons for mass destruction.
150
Who has the highest risk of a dirty bomb?
Greatest is the blast itself
151
What may be the greatest challenge of a dirty bomb?
Fear
152
What is the economic and exposure of a dirty bomb?
Economic impact for cleanup and decontamination
Exposure through skin inhaled in G.I. track
May lead to genetic mutations and reproductive issues or cancer
153
What is the nurses role in a radiologic disaster?
Please very quickly
Shield in nearest building
Cover nose and mouth
Remove exposed clothing
Seal clothing, double bagged
Shower decontaminate
Cleaning, cover wounds M PPE assumed dust is radioactive
154
Which kind of explosion or associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates
Explosions in a confined space
155
In a blast injury many injuries are not life-threatening because they are what
Glenforest trauma, flying debris, tissue damage, loss of limbs, open wounds in infection, sudden temporary deafness
156
 what does bio watch?
Cornerstone to DHS comprehensive strategy for counteracting terrorism. They monitor the air for biological agents in bio terrorism attacks.
