Chapter 21 Flashcards
anaphylaxis
2 or more body systems involved
allergic reaction
misdirected and excessive response by the immune system to a foreign substance
anaphylactic reaction
a reactive release of chemical mediators that produce bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, cap permability, and increase mucus production leading to respiratory and airway compromise
antigen
foreign substance that has entered the body and triggered an immune response
allergen
antigen enters the body via ingestion, injection, inhalation, or absorption and causes an allergic reaction
immunoglobuilin E
type of antibody produced specific to anaphylaxis
anaphylactoid reaction
In some reactions, the chemical mediators can be released from the mast cells and basophils the first time the antigen is introduced into the body without the patient ever being sensitized. The antigen causes the release of the chemical mediators.
antigen routes of entry
Injection. The substance is introduced directly into the body by bites, stings, needles, or infusions.
Ingestion. The patient swallows the substance.
Inhalation. The patient breathes the substance into his lungs.
Contact (absorption). The antigen is absorbed through the skin.
histamine
primary chemical mediator released from mast cells and basophils
causes bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and an increase in capillary permeability (leakage).
hymenoptera
account for the majority of severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis related to insect bites.
Urticaria
Hives
pruritus
Itching/itchy skin
early s/s of anaphylaxis
Rhinitis (stuffy, runny, itchy nose)
Tachycardia
Pruritus (itching) that is localized or diffuse
Faintness or light-headedness
Warm, flushed skin (skin can appear pale)
Agitation or anxiousness
Urticaria (hives)
Edema (swelling) of the skin and other tissues such as the lips and tongue
adult dose of epi
people 66lbs and up
.30 mg
pediatric dose of epi
people less than 66lbs
.15mg
biphasic anaphylactic reaction
when initial signs and symptoms resolve, sometimes without treatment if not severe and then, approximately 4 to 6 hours afterward, a second reaction occurs.
